Difficult to pronounce words: origin, education, record-breaking words

In the Russian language there are many words that are difficult to pronounce: terms borrowed from foreign languages, names of drugs, specific scientific vocabulary, names of professions, etc. When communicating at the everyday level, such words do not cause any special problems. You can always replace them with simplified vernacular synonyms or, as a last resort, laugh at the fact that you were unable to pronounce them correctly. However, delivering an official speech or report usually forces the speaker to adhere to strictly defined terminology and operate with the most precise concepts. You can learn how to deliver a speech beautifully, including how to avoid stumbling over complex terms, in public speaking courses from the Benefis theater studio. In our classes, we purposefully take complex combinations of sounds, words and phrases and train to pronounce them correctly. In the future we will include exercises for diction with cork. Over time, even a cork in the mouth ceases to interfere with correct pronunciation. How to master basic acting and public speaking skills? Answer 4 short questions and we will select the optimal curriculum

The most difficult words to pronounce in Russian

When determining the “difficulty” of a word, you can be guided by the number of letters and the number of words from which it is composed, since the longest words are compound ones. Let's consider the hard-to-pronounce words of the Russian language that hold the record for the number of letters in various categories.

From the Guinness Book of Records:

• Overly considerate is the longest word in the Russian language.
• X-ray electrocardiographic – previous record.

From the grammatical dictionary of the Russian language by A. A. Zaliznyak:

• Privately owned is the longest word.
• Re-examine, substantive, internationalize - record-breaking verbs.
• Misanthropy, Excellency are nouns.
• Eleventh grader, clerk - animate nouns.
• Unsatisfactory – adverb.

From the Spelling Dictionary of the Russian Academy of Sciences:

• Agricultural and mechanical engineering is an adjective with a hyphen.
• Electrophotosemiconductor is an adjective without a hyphen.
• Rooter-bulldozer-loader, animation-inanimateness are nouns with a hyphen.
• Water-mud-peat-paraffin treatment is a noun without a hyphen.

How to learn to pronounce difficult words

1. Development of the articulatory apparatus.
2. Working with speech material.

Development of the articulatory apparatus

Each word is a combination of sounds and their combinations: the more combinations, the more difficult it is to pronounce the word. To master a word, you first need to develop the pronunciation of first each sound individually, then each combination of sounds found in this word. The “from simple to complex” method can be used to master the desired word in the shortest possible time, but it is best to practice the articulation of different sounds daily as exercise. You can comprehend this technique by first pronouncing difficult words starting with the letter A, then starting with the letter B, etc. Articulatory gymnastics allows you to keep your speech apparatus in good shape: daily exercises are guaranteed to save you from difficulties with new tricky words. To do this, it is enough to do a light warm-up of the facial muscles and slowly, carefully pressing and articulating each sound, read aloud any passages of text and words that are difficult to pronounce.

Working with tongue twisters (speech material)

When the speech apparatus is sufficiently developed and you can easily pronounce any combination of sounds, in particular complex words with the sound R, it’s time to work on automation. The best way to do this is with regular tongue twisters. Their diversity will allow you to identify the most problematic letter combinations and work hard on them. The main thing is not to try to pronounce tongue twisters quickly; it is much more important to pronounce them clearly, focusing on the most difficult words. Speed ​​always comes with technology. You can test your strength by pronouncing such difficult tongue twisters: Mom didn’t spare soap Mom Mila didn’t like soap Mila didn’t like soap Mila dropped Osip was hoarse, and Arkhip was hoarse Osip, and Osip was Osip Osip Arkhip, and Osip was hoarse Arkhip was hoarse, and Osip was hoarse.

How to make your voice strong and confident? We will teach this and other skills in our public speaking course. Come to public speaking courses at the Benefis theater studio. We will teach you:

• How to remove clamps and loosen up
• How to learn to improvise
• How to use the camera
• How to work with your spectrum of emotional states
• How to make your voice strong and confident

And much more. Choose the most convenient format of classes for yourself. We conduct training courses in two formats: “Online” and “Offline” in the center of Moscow.

The most difficult words in Russian and how to remember them

Foreign languages ​​are not easy. Even the most of them will cause a lot of difficulties for those who want to study it. Yes, and even among polyglots who master them faster than others. Any person will have difficulties: in pronunciation, spelling, understanding. Many words cannot be mastered not only after minutes, but even after hours of practicing and memorizing them. The clear leader in such words is the Russian language. Foreigners who take up the “great and mighty” cannot master many words. But don’t rush to get upset, almost all of them end up on the list of losers, but only thanks to colossal effort and regular training. Today we will introduce you to the words that cause the greatest discomfort among foreign guests.

Hello

Just started learning Russian? Be prepared to be faced with a difficult word from the very beginning. “Hello” is a greeting, the same as “hi”, “hello”, “salut”. Agree, it is difficult to pronounce and write even for native speakers, what can we say about language learners.

Long words

“Eleventh grader”, “respectively”, “self-employed”, “unsatisfactory”, and so on. Not everyone can even pronounce them correctly the first time, let alone remember them. As practice shows, the best friend in this case is only regular training. It’s not for nothing that there is a proverb in the Russian language: “Repetition is the mother of learning.”

Best"

“The best”, “the best”, “the best” - what variations of this word do Russians encounter when communicating with a foreigner! The superlative degree of the adjective “good” is one of the words that is not so easy to come by.

Lighter

Regardless of whether you smoke or not, there is a possibility that you will need a lighter. Many foreigners end up asking for “fire,” which makes Russian speakers laugh. Even if they understand you, you still need to remember this separate word that was invented for this.

Bread

Bread is the head of everything. This is the most important dish on the table of a Russian person. For a foreigner who has begun to study Turgenev’s language, bread is one of the most difficult words to pronounce, despite the small number of letters. People who, after long training, still say “bread” correctly, rejoice like children and already consider themselves conquerors of the Russian language.

Verbs related to movement

In Russian you can’t say “Go!” and everything will become clear. All these “go”, “drive”, “enter”, “reach”, “go around”, “go out” are difficult both to understand and to pronounce. Foreign citizens learning Russian clearly think to themselves that staying home and not moving is much safer than trying to figure out all these words.

The Russian language is considered quite complex, compared, for example, with German or English, although in terms of the degree of difficulty in pronouncing words, the Scandinavian languages ​​are probably in first place. There are a lot of long words in it. If we talk about the longest, then in the Guinness Book of Records the longest word in the Russian language is declared “X-ray electrocardiographic”, it has 33 characters. This was a record in 1933. And in 2003 it was replaced by a 35-character word - “highly considerate.”

Post-revolutionary lexicon of abbreviations

Immediately after the October Revolution, many new words appeared, starting with the adjectives “pre-revolutionary”, “old regime”. The Bolsheviks renamed all tsarist institutions and created new structures. But the new names turned out to be cumbersome and wordy. In everyday life, they quickly learned to abbreviate them based on the first sounds. With names such as “CheKa”, “TsIK” (“centre executive committee”), it turned out to be pronounceable. But “People's Commissariat of Internal Affairs” (People's Commissariat of Internal Affairs) is quite difficult to pronounce. What can we say about such abbreviations as “goruprmestprom”, “raipromtorgprodtekh”, “administration department”, “Vsekohotsoyuz”, “Glavuprrechtrans”, “Goskomselkhoztekhnika”.

Emblem of the Water Transport Commissariat with an abbreviated name

There is no point in memorizing all these all-Union cooperative hunting unions, river transport departments, and agricultural machinery committees, but you need to learn the principles of abbreviation and decoding. This may be needed when reading the pre-war press, novellas and short stories.

Chemistry is a storehouse of the longest words

Although their leadership is formally recognized - in analytical chemistry there are simply huge names of substances, since they are built according to a certain scheme. For example, the adjective “tetrahydropyranylcyclopentyltetrahydropyridopyridine” consists of 55 letters. Or “methoxychlordiethylaminomethylbutylaminoacridine” - 44 characters.

Another example: the prefix “great-” can be used many times in a concept that denotes the degree of relationship - “great-great-great-great-great-great-great-great-grandfather.” Theoretically, this word can be stretched indefinitely. Word formations from numerals that denote certain quantities can also be extremely long: “one thousand nine hundred and seven hundred and six centimeters” - 43 characters. At the same time, regarding all these examples, philologists are still arguing whether they should be considered the longest words in the Russian language. They are not universally used, and the ability to create endless designs sets them apart from the mainstream.

Words with a large number of vowels or consonants in a row

• words with 6 consonants in a row : “adjunction”, “burgomastership”, “counterstrategy”, “ro”; "to kick up"
• words with a group of 6 letters, consisting of consonants and a soft sign, coming in a row : “heraldry”, “filterpress”;
• a word with 5 vowels in a row : “Chihuahua” (a breed of dog), this same word has a record consonant/vowel ratio of 1/5;
• words with 4 vowels in a row : “meteorological bulletin”, “radio air navigation”, “radio audience”, “laueit”;
• a word in which there are two groups of 3 vowels in a row: “hydroaeroionization”;

The longest verbs and other parts of speech

If we talk about verbs, then the longest words are “re-examine” and “internationalize”, they have 24 letters each, if you form word forms from them with the ending, for example, “-uyushchie”, you get 25 letters each. The longest nouns – “misanthropy” and “excellency” – also have 24 letters; you can create plural word forms, which will result in 26 letters (although the first word is not used in the plural). Among animate nouns, the words “eleventh grader” and “clerk” have the most letters – 21 each. The longest interjection recorded in Russian dictionaries is “fizkult-hello.”

We are accustomed to the fact that prepositions and conjunctions are short words, but the word “accordingly” falls out of the general series, it has 14 letters. The situation is similar with adverbs - there is only one long adverb “unsatisfactory”, consisting of 19 letters.

Some argue whether nouns and adjectives with hyphens can be considered the longest words in the Russian language, since they are “glued together” artificially, but let’s still pay attention to them: in the word “agricultural-machine-building” there are 38 characters, and in “rooter” -bulldozer-loader” – 31. Similar words include the adjective (albeit without a hyphen) “electrophotosemiconductor” – 28 characters and “water-mud-peat-paraffin treatment” – 29 characters. The longest food word formation – out of 38 characters – is “bread sausage, kindly productive”. The word is funny, but at the same time noted in an authoritative source - the spelling dictionary of the Russian Academy of Sciences (chief editor V.V. Lopatin).

Old Slavic, Church Slavonic, pre-revolutionary archaic

We have already mentioned the greeting “hello”. The form used for greeting remains the only one from the verb “hello”, and is therefore difficult for foreigners to understand. Among the words that are still used, but have already been fairly forgotten, we can mention:

• knight;
• bite;
• upper room;
• jug;
• lively;
• outpost;
• eminent;
• rattlesnake;
• red price;
• poppy;
• arrears;
• throne;
• rags;
• mansions.

They are not difficult to pronounce, but the meaning of some words has changed. For example, a “crawler” was a ceremonial carriage, but now they call an old car that contemptuously. Even literate people are forced to turn to the dictionary when writing the noun “dishes”. Those who are confident in their literacy often write “things”. But among the ancient Slavic words that have entered the modern lexicon, there are also difficult ones to pronounce (especially by foreigners) - “to your heart’s content”, “passion”, “splash”, “to emerge”, “to stick in”.

Few words have been preserved from Church Slavonic vocabulary. Even the alphabet and writing have changed.

14 letters from this alphabet are no longer used

The letters “zelo”, “onic”, “ot”, “fita”, “Izhitsa” did not pass from the Church Slavonic alphabet to the modern Russian alphabet, not to mention the disappeared nasal sounds. Nevertheless, the words “brow”, “eye”, “bold”, “burden”, “trembles”, “create”, “blessing”, “philanthropy” remained in use, which need to be known and used correctly.

Pre-revolutionary vocabulary, as perceived by people of the 21st century, has lost many words that have disappeared along with the concepts. The words “policeman”, “nihilist”, “bombist”, “titular councilor”, “serf”, “department”, “comrade of the minister” (this disappeared position would now be called “deputy minister”), and “night shelter” have disappeared. There are hundreds of such examples. Among them there are words that are difficult to pronounce and difficult to spell: “adjunct”, “burgomaster”, “ro”, “infantry general”, “patronized”, “beneficiated”.

It is not necessary to memorize all obsolete terms. However, you need to know the difference between “your honor” and “your excellency” in order to meaningfully read pre-revolutionary literature (all Russian classics). When you come across an unfamiliar word, don’t be lazy to look in a dictionary.

Ozhegov’s 1989 edition of the dictionary includes 57 thousand words, most of which have not lost their relevance

The longest words in literature

If we recall classical literature, then Nikolai Leskov found in one of his popular stories the word “for consideration”. It’s interesting that no one can reliably explain what it means – most likely, Leskov invented it himself.

The longest abbreviation will probably make an indelible impression on you: “NIIOMTPLABOPARMBETZHELBETRABSBORMONNIMONKON-OTDTECHSTROMONT.” We will not list the full name of this institute - it will take a whole paragraph. Imagine how difficult it was for the employees of this scientific institution to name their position or place of work when necessary.

Fun fact - there is an extremely long word for a phobia - fear of just long words! It sounds like this: hippopotomonstrosesquippedaliophobia (37 characters). By the way, this is actually the Latin term “hippopotomomonstrosesquippedaliophobia”, which is recognized as the longest word in the world.

The most difficult words

Many interesting facts can be found regarding the most difficult words of the Russian language. For example, it is generally accepted that three “e”s are found only in the word “long-necked”. Meanwhile, there is also a “snake eater”. You can also find in dictionaries words starting with “Y” - “Ytyk-kyyol”, “Ygyatta”, “Ynykchansky” and so on. All of them are difficult to pronounce due to combinations of letters that are unusual for us. There are plenty of other hard-to-pronounce words in the Russian language. They especially cause inconvenience to announcers or lecturers, whose job is to pronounce texts out loud. In particular, such words include the words “who took advantage of”, “preceded”, “participated”, “benefited”, “Novovodolashsky”. The words “euphemism”, “county palatine”, “pre-celebration” cannot be called simple.

This is how it is - the Russian language, rich in long words.

In Turkey, they analyzed the most difficult words in the Russian language that Turks may encounter if they decide to master Pushkin’s language.

The Medya Gunlugu publication has compiled a kind of top list of the most difficult words and combinations to learn in the Russian language. We are talking about words with the most letters

The word “X-ray electrocardiographic” is recognized as the most difficult. In second place is the word “private enterprise”, in third place is “substantializing”.

In the top there was a place for the words “misanthropy”, “re-examine”, “agricultural and mechanical engineering”, “excellency” and “attraction”.

From 2021 to 2025, the Russian authorities will spend 7.4 billion rubles on the dissemination and promotion of the Russian language around the world. The program provides for an increase in the number of people speaking Russian, the creation of centers to promote the Russian language in other countries, and the involvement of the maximum number of foreign citizens in events related to one degree or another to the study or promotion of the Russian language.

Pronunciation difficulties

Radio and television announcers most often encountered pronunciation difficulties. According to TV announcer Anna Shatilova, the list of difficult words (even for Russians) can include:

• improvements;
• engraved;
• previous;
• to the one who took advantage;
• dedication;
• small-caliber;
• publish;
• regenerating;
• compromising;
• expropriate;
• transformable;
• archivists;
• advertised;
• being restored;
• reverb;
• illustrated;
• surrealism;
• phantasmagoric.

This list can be continued for a long time. In ordinary communication, mistakes are not very important; public figures need to train their diction: lecturers, teachers, artists, institute teachers, politicians.