Vegetables

What are vegetables

Vegetables are plants that can be eaten. The term is most often applied to root vegetables, pumpkins and nightshades, because... fruits collected from bushes and trees are usually called fruits and berries.

Vegetables are an integral part of human nutrition. They contain vitamins, carbohydrates and other beneficial substances that are important for health. In summer they form the basis of many diets, and in winter they strengthen the body and supply it with the elements necessary for normal functioning.

Vegetable classification

Today there are about 200 vegetable crops. They are divided according to morphological and other characteristics, but for humans the most important thing is which parts of the plant can be eaten. In order not to get confused in all this diversity, special classifications of vegetables have been created. Their goal is to facilitate cultural orientation for specialists in various fields of activity.

Botanical

Turnip is a representative of the cruciferous plants.
Like all plants, vegetables belong to different botanical classes and families. This allows specialists to understand the intricacies of their cultivation. Most vegetables growing in the Russian Federation belong to the following families:

nightshades (tomato, pepper, eggplant, potato);
pumpkin (zucchini, pumpkin, melon, watermelon);
legumes (beans, beans, peas);
cruciferous vegetables (cabbage, turnip, rutabaga, radish, radish, horseradish);
amaryllis (onion and garlic);
celery (parsley, carrots, celery);
Chenopodiaceae (beets, spinach);
asteraceae (salad).

Botanical classification allows you to quickly determine the morphological characteristics of vegetables. However, this information will be useful only to highly specialized specialists. Therefore, in addition to it, there is a division on other grounds.

By duration of existence

Sorrel is a perennial plant.
According to the total duration of the life cycle, vegetables can be:

Annuals . These include cucumbers, lettuce, radishes, etc. The life cycle of such plants is limited to one growing season.
Biennials . This includes beets, onions, carrots, etc. During the warm season, such plants accumulate a supply of nutrients, and with the onset of winter they fall into a kind of sleep. Most often, those parts of such vegetables that have managed to form during the first growing season are eaten.
Perennial . Garlic, horseradish, sorrel, etc. They live 3-5 years. They are characterized by a developed root system, which allows plants to accumulate a large supply of nutrients in each growing season. Just like biennials, such vegetables remain dormant in winter.

There is a practice of growing annual crops for 2-3 years. It all depends on the local climate.

By growing method

Growing vegetables using hydroponics
Vegetables can be grown in open ground or indoor greenhouses.
Hydroponics has also recently become widespread. At the same time, plants do not need soil at all. The root system is in a special composition, which contains all the nutrients necessary for normal life. Interesting fact : Arctic horseradish is grown in Greenland.
He is not afraid of frosts above -47°C. Vegetables grown hydroponically are considered the least healthy of all. The fact is that the composition where the roots are immersed often contains various nitrates and other harmful substances.

By part used for food

Radishes are vegetative vegetables.
Different parts of plants are edible. According to this criterion, vegetables are divided into:

Fruit . Fruits, seeds, and young ovaries are eaten. This includes pumpkin, tomatoes, peas, corn, etc.
Vegetative . The shoots, leaves and roots of such vegetables are considered edible. These include carrots, radishes, onions, cabbage, etc.

This classification is most important for consumers and farmers. However, it still omits many features. They are taken into account by the so-called Edelstein classification.

According to biological and agrotechnical features

Jerusalem artichoke is a tuber vegetable.
The division of vegetables according to biological and agrotechnical characteristics was first proposed by the Soviet scientist Vitaly Ivanovich Edelshtein. According to his classification, plants are:

brassicas (all types of cabbage);
root vegetables (carrots, parsley, radishes, etc.);
tuber crops (potatoes, sweet potatoes, Jerusalem artichokes);
bulbous (garlic and onions of all types);
fruit (pumpkin, tomato, beans, etc.);
leafy (lettuce, spinach, dill);
perennial (rhubarb, horseradish, katran, etc.);
mushrooms (champignons, oyster mushrooms, stropharia).

Vegetables: pictures for children

Vegetables are very healthy: everyone knows this. We offer them to children every day. And they happily eat crispy cucumbers, sun-warmed tomatoes, crumbly tasty potatoes and others. But you can not only eat vegetables: you can also play with them if they are drawn in pictures.

Our selection of beautiful cards and pictures will help you tell children about vegetables.

Cards and pictures

Here are beautiful and funny pictures of vegetables that you can use for your activities with your child.

Pictures with vegetables are suitable for both homework and classes in preschool groups. You can place pictures of vegetables on the walls and list together with your child what vegetables are there, you can cut them into cards and play and play games to develop memory and attentiveness.

Here you can download pictures of vegetables for free - click on the pictures below and print pictures of vegetables and fruits for children:

Cards for cutting.

Poster with vegetables in Russian and English with transcription.

Cards with vegetables and berries.

We sculpt vegetables from plasticine together with the children.

Poster

You can cut out these vegetables and ask your child to count how many cucumbers and how many tomatoes?

Poster with riddles: What grows in the garden and what in the garden?

Thematic conversations based on pictures with children.

Poster for children with the names of vegetables in English.

Pictures of vegetables with names in French.

Beautiful picture

cards

Vegetables poster:

Vegetables in section:

How can I play?

With vegetable cards for children, you can play various games to develop memory and become familiar with the environment.

Types of games

For example, if your child is very small, print out two versions of cards, cut one of them into pieces and invite your child to arrange the corresponding vegetable for each picture.
Another option is the game “Find the Vegetable”:
ask the child to choose first from two options, then more, where this or that vegetable is.
The third option is to turn all the cards over, take them out one by one and name which vegetable we pulled out.
The fourth option is to print out two identical pairs of cards and put them on the reverse side in a certain sequence, open two cards each, if they match, then put them aside, if not, then look again.
Fifth option - we sort vegetables by color, by where they grow (on the ground or underground), by quantity, etc.

In general, there are many game options - it all depends on your imagination . As soon as the child sees the bright cards for children, he himself will offer you a game option. For older children, you can use pictures of vegetables to learn letters. To do this, you need to show the children a vegetable and ask them to name the letter with which it begins. If desired, the initial letters of words can be glued onto the cards yourself.

Explore the world around you with us: let everything around you bring only joy! Colorful drawings of vegetables will surely interest the baby and attract attention.

steshka.ru

Structure of vegetable tissues

The basis of any plant is tissue made of thin-walled cells. They grow equally in all directions. The botanical name of the tissue is parenchyma. Cells contain a semi-liquid substance called cytoplasm. It contains various elements:

Vacuoles . They are located in the middle of the cell and represent a small bubble filled with nutrients (cell sap). This is the largest element of all.
Membranes . Cell organs are separated from the cytoplasm.
Tonoplast . A type of membrane that surrounds a vacuole.
Plasmalemma. A substance that covers the cytoplasm at its border with the cell membrane.

Structure of a plant cell

The difference in osmotic pressure in different parts of the tissue is not the same. Because of this, certain physical processes occur. One of the most important is plasmolysis - the separation of the cytoplasm from the cell membrane.

The membrane is capable of regulating the permeability of various substances. It selectively retains ions and molecules seeking to enter the cell. At the same time, individual substances are able to move in a certain amount from one organelle to another. This is necessary for the occurrence of physiological processes in tissues.

Each individual cell has a wall, which is the primary membrane. Unlike membranes, it is completely permeable. The framework of parenchymal tissue is formed by fastening the membranes of 2 cells with the help of median plates. Contact between their contents occurs through plasmodesmata. These are small strands that pass through the membranes.

The surface of many vegetables is covered with epidermis or periderm, or, more simply, with integumentary tissue. It has low nutritional value, which is why it is mostly removed during processing.

Fresh vegetables contain a lot of water (up to 95%). Because of this, all their structural elements are hydrated. Due to this, high turgor pressure is maintained in plant tissues.

The meaning of vegetables

Vegetables are one of the most valuable food products for humans. They are the main source of saturating the body with carbohydrates, vitamins, phytoncides and other substances beneficial to health.

Lettuce plantation

Foods of plant origin are products that have a high energy component. The fact is that during photosynthesis, a number of chemical processes occur in vegetables, due to which nutrients accumulate in their tissues. Once in the human esophagus, they begin to split, which increases the overall tone of the body.

Vegetables are widely used to treat diseases. Their healing properties are recognized by both official and traditional medicine.

Methods of propagating vegetables

Successful propagation of plants is important for any vegetable grower. There are both artificial and natural methods. The vegetables themselves leave offspring due to the dispersal of seeds and through vegetative organs. Artificial methods include cuttings, grafting and layering.

Seeds . This method is often used by vegetable growers. After ripening, seeds are collected from plants, which are then grown indoors.
Vegetative method . Typically used for perennial crops. Vegetable growers take a certain part of the plant (tubers, roots, etc.) and plant it in greenhouses.
Cuttings . In this method, part of the stem or leaf is cut off from the plant. Then they are placed in a special nutrient medium. After the root system appears, the vegetable is planted in the ground. Further, its life cycle does not differ from other plants.
Vaccinations . In this case, one plant is planted next to another. This is done to increase the resistance of certain crops to unfavorable environmental factors, as well as to develop new varieties of vegetables.
Layerings . Part of the so-called mustache or root growth is cut off from the plant. They are planted in closed ground, where growth is stimulated with special additives.

How many types of vegetables are there?

Different types of peppers
Today, botanists identify about 350,000 types of vegetables. This includes crops that grow on all continents of the Earth, excluding Antarctica. There are 80 types of peppers alone. Such diversity is achieved through breeding work and various studies. Sometimes vegetables independently transform into new species due to local climatic conditions.

Interesting fact : vegetables are even grown in space. Similar experiments were carried out on potatoes on the ISS.

Composition and benefits of vegetables

Vitamins contained in vegetables
Regular consumption of fresh vegetables has a positive effect on the human body. Plants are a major source of many nutrients not found in animal products. From vegetables, a person receives vitamins and acids, which increase visual acuity, improve immunity and stimulate brain activity.

The only thing that vegetables are poor in, with the exception of soybeans, is protein. A deficiency of this substance is observed in the body of many vegetarians. In addition to protein, soy contains vegetable fats, choline, lecithin and a number of vitamins and minerals.

Research shows that regular consumption of vegetables normalizes the functioning of the intestinal tract and prevents the development of putrefactive processes in the body. Thanks to them, the formation of harmful substances in the digestive tube is reduced.

Vegetables are a dietary product. It has a preventive and therapeutic effect. Thanks to vegetables, the body's resistance to infectious diseases and adverse environmental influences increases. Nutritionists recommend that when compiling a daily diet, 20-30% should be given to food of plant origin.

Tubers

This includes only three plants - sweet potato, Jerusalem artichoke and the more famous potato. Their peculiarity is that in all these species the edible part of the plant is located underground and is represented by tubers.

Sweet potato

potato
It is also called sweet potato. It grows in countries with tropical climates. The tubers can be visually described as a cross between frozen potatoes and beets. In Russia, its cultivation occurs only in the southern regions. The fact is that the plant is very demanding on air temperature and humidity. Sweet potatoes are good for the heart, digestion and immunity.

Potato

Potatoes
This is one of the most popular vegetables. Now it is grown in 150 countries around the world. It appeared in Russia under Peter I. Botanists classify potatoes as members of the nightshade family. The tubers of the plant are edible. Thanks to the beneficial substances it contains, potatoes help remove toxins and excess water from the body.

Jerusalem artichoke

Jerusalem artichoke
It is also called tuberous sunflower. It came to Europe in the 17th century; before that it grew only in America. Jerusalem artichoke is grown not only for people, but also as a fodder plant for livestock. Tubers can be consumed both raw and boiled. They are often used to make delicious salads.

List of vegetables in alphabetical order

A Abelmosh cassava Abelmosh edible Alocasia large-rhizomatous Alpinia galanga Amaranth zminda Amorphophallus pionifolia Anguria Aralia tall Aralia cordate Peanut Arracacha edible Artichoke true B Basella alba Eggplant Bamboo shoots Bassia broom Sweet potato Butterbur Japanese Bok choy Sweet marshweed Brasia Broccoli Rutabaga Brussels sprouts Buthen tuberiferous B Wasabi G Gablicia Viper crested onion Glenya Gnetum gnemon Gogoshar (pepper variety) White mustard D Daikon Diplasium edible Melon Angelica officinalis F Zherukha vulgaris Z Green onions Greens Zyuznik brilliant And Ginger pharmaceutical Morning glory water K Kanavalia ensiform Prickly capers Garden cabbage Potatoes Katran seaside Katran ta Thar Kerguelen cabbage Kiwano Oxalis tuberous Chinese cabbage Chinese artichoke Codiaum variegated Spanish kozels Salsiferum bellflower Rapunzel Colocynth Kohlrabi Gherkin Stinging nettle Cress Winged bean Star water lily Turmeric long Curcuma cedoaria L Lagenaria Lagenaria vulgare Laconium americana Lettuce berry Quinoa and garden Loba (plant) Lobia Burdock large Onion ( plant) Batun onion Grape onion Chinese onion Round onion Victory onion Hairstyle onion Bulb onion Speed onion Leek Shallot Luffa Luffa Egyptian Luffa sharp-ribbed

M Peruvian Maca Malanga Chard Cassava Carrot (genus) Wild Carrot Carrot Arrowroot reedy Goosefoot all-leaved Mesembryanthemum crystalline Melothria rough Microgreens Mirabilis wide Myrris Mozambi Momordica charantia Mucuna pruriens N Nasturtium large Nasturtium tuberiferous O Vegetable bouquet Common cucumber Borage herb Comfrey medicinal Comfrey Upland Prickly pear Indian bracken common Sow thistle P Parsnips common Shepherd's purse Chinese cabbage Perilla Parsley Plantain Field lettuce Tomatoes R Radicchio Rhubarb Radish Radish seed Turnip Arugula C Savoy cabbage Saraha edible Beet Sverbig's oriental Celery Celery aromatic Meadow heart Heart of palm Sicana fragrant Elephant grass C Common molewort Asparagus officinalis Common arrowhead Arrowhead trifoliate Edible flowers T Tacca pinnately cut Tamarillo Taro (plant) Tigridia peacock Tomato Jerusalem artichoke Trichosantum Trichosantum serpentine Pumpkin U Dill Ulluco Urut aquatic F Moon bean Fire bean Fire bean Holly bean Violet tricolor X Houttuynia Horsetail Jicama Horseradish C Cauliflower C Entella asiatica Cyclantera lobes H Garden savory Chayote Garlic Chistets swamp Chufa Sh New Zealand spinach Garden spinach E Tarragon Ya Yacon Yams

Roots

This includes 10 plant species. All of them are distinguished by specially shaped roots that are suitable for human consumption. They are eaten both raw and in the form of various dishes. Root crops are mainly grown in open ground.

Carrot

Carrot
This is a biennial plant belonging to the Umbelliferae family. It is distinguished by a large number of vitamins in its composition and other beneficial properties. Cultivation of carrots began in Ancient Greece, from where it gradually spread to all continents of the planet. Due to the high content of the beta-carotene enzyme in this vegetable, the plant has a positive effect on visual acuity.

Fun fact : Before cultivation, carrots in the wild were purple. Breeders gave it an orange color.

Parsley

Parsley
It is also classified as an umbelliferous plant. Historians believe that the cultivation of parsley began in Ancient Egypt. There is a beautiful legend about this: it was originally grown as a decoration and for ritual purposes. The fruits contain a lot of essential oils, and parsley is superior to many vegetables and fruits in terms of the vitamins it contains.

Radish

Radishes
Radishes are grown in many countries. Both root vegetables and foliage are eaten. The vegetable is valued for its early ripening. The process of root crop formation in greenhouse conditions takes about a month. Contains a number of useful vitamins necessary for the normal functioning of the human body. It tolerates replanting well and is not picky about soil quality.

Beet

Beetroot
Beetroot cultivation began in the Mediterranean even before the beginning of our era. Originally used as a medicinal plant. Only the leaves were eaten. Root vegetables began to be eaten around the 4th century AD. Due to its high potassium and folic acid content, beets are good for lowering blood pressure.

How to make Doman cards yourself:

Print the cards on thick paper or cardboard, 2, 4 or 6 pieces per sheet. To conduct classes using the Doman method, the cards are ready, you can show them to your child and say the name of the picture.

These Doman cards will help you quickly learn all the vegetables with your child.

Good luck and new discoveries to your baby!

Educational video for children (toddlers and preschoolers) made according to the Doman method “Prodigy from the cradle” - educational cards, educational pictures on various topics from part 1, part 2 of the Doman method, which can be watched for free here or on our Channel Early Childhood Development on YouTube

Educational cards using the Doman method with pictures of vegetables and herbs for children

Educational cards using the Doman method vegetables pictures for children

Brassicas

All types of cabbage are presented here. They differ from each other in the shape of the fruit and the general structure of the plant. Heads of cabbage, fruits and inflorescences are eaten. The edible parts are located above the ground.

Cabbage

Cabbage
This is a biennial plant native to the Mediterranean. Before potatoes were brought to Europe, cabbage was the basis of the diet of residents of many countries. It contains many vitamins and minerals that have a positive effect on the body. Cabbage helps a person strengthen blood vessels, but it should not be consumed by people suffering from intestinal obstruction.

Brussels sprouts

Brussels sprouts
are an annual plant that belongs to the cruciferous family. It is a close relative of white cabbage, but differs from it in structure. This is an unpretentious and easy-to-grow plant that contains many useful elements for humans. Distributed on all continents, excluding Africa and Antarctica.

Cauliflower

Cauliflower
is an annual spring plant. Cauliflower appeared in Russia in the 18th century and was initially grown only in the gardens of noble people. Does not tolerate low temperatures well. The life cycle is about 200 days. Demanding on light and soil quality. Due to its fine cellular structure, it is well absorbed by the human body.

Broccoli

Broccoli
The plant is obtained by hybridization. Initially grown only in Italy, it became widely known only in the 20th century. The stem can reach a height of 90 cm. At its top there are many succulent branches. According to studies, broccoli is best consumed raw, because... During heat treatment, it loses a number of useful substances.

Interesting fact : in terms of calcium content, broccoli can compete with milk.

Savoy cabbage

Savoy cabbage
differs from other types of cabbage in its thin corrugated leaves and loose structure of the head. It is not widely used due to its short shelf life. Due to the ascorbigen content, the plant is able to slow down the growth of cancer tumors in the human body.

We study the world around us. Meet “Vegetables”

Sidorenko Karina

We study the world around us. Meet “Vegetables”

Meet “VEGETABLES”

Goal: to expand and systematize children’s knowledge about vegetables and their benefits; clarify ideas about the variety of vegetables; cultivate a caring attitude towards nature.

Summer is a great time to relax, enjoy the warm weather, swim in a river or lake, or maybe the azure sea, walk through the forest, enjoy flowers...

However, agricultural workers who provide us with food have no time for rest at this time. As they say - everyday work. And we, who have our own summer cottages, have to combine our vacation with work in the garden and garden, and make various preparations for the winter.

So, starting from spring, we grew various berries, vegetables and fruits on our plot.

Today we will talk about vegetables.

First, it is necessary to define what is a vegetable and what is a fruit, because as it turns out, neither the color of the plants, nor their external shape, nor the size and configuration of the fruit matter at all to finding the truth.

At the same time, the generally accepted division of vegetables and fruits according to botanical and gastronomic characteristics is very different.

From a botanical point of view, vegetables are the edible part of plants, consisting of leaves, stems, roots, bulbs and inflorescences.

In addition to everything, botanists also divide the group of vegetables into the following types:

1. Leafy (spinach, lettuce)

2. Root vegetables (beets, carrots, radishes)

3. Stems (celery, rhubarb, ginger)

4. Flower buds (cauliflower and broccoli)

But fruits, purely from a botanical point of view, are the fruits of plants that develop from a flower and contain seeds. And if so, then legumes, corn, pumpkin, cucumbers, tomatoes, peppers, and so on should also be considered fruits, since all these plants produce flowers and produce seeds. Based on this principle, fruits also include nuts and cereals.

There is another method for separating fruits and vegetables. It is quite simple: If the part of the plant that supplies the fruit with nutrients and moisture does not change for several years, then this crop is a fruit. Let's put an end to this. If not, then we have a vegetable.

If you look from this point of view, let’s say at garden fruit trees, then they all have long-lived trunks (trunks) and branches, and only fruits and leaves are subject to annual renewal. And, for example, a crop such as a tomato is grown annually and at the end of the season the plant dies. Thus, a tomato is a vegetable.

However, we will not introduce confusion into these concepts and turn to Wikipedia.

According to Wikipedia, vegetable is a culinary term that refers to the edible part (such as a fruit or tuber) of some plants, as well as any solid plant food, excluding fruits, cereals, mushrooms, nuts and edible algae. The culinary term "vegetable" can be applied to edible fruits that are botanically berries.

The word “vegetable” (Old Russian “ovosht” - fruit) came into active use in the Russian language at the end of the 14th century. This word denoted both plant fruits and fruits, as well as the process of their growth and ripening. The word "vegetable" comes from the same root as German. wachsen - “to grow”, lit. augu - “growing.”

In the Old Russian language, the fruits of any edible plant were called vegetables or vegetables; the word “fruit” did not exist, it appears only in 1705, this is a borrowing through Polish. frukt from lat. fructus. Starting from this time, the division of fruits into vegetables and fruits, etc. begins.

According to V.I. Dahl, vegetables are “a garden, edible tops and roots: onions, cabbage, carrots, turnips, beets with tops, etc., also garden fruits, like cucumbers, watermelons, and in old times, tree fruits, garden , also boiled and sugared: spicy and compound vegetables.”

The encyclopedic dictionary of Brockhaus and Efron meant by vegetables “all garden plants in general that are used for human food.” According to T.F. Efremova, these are “garden fruits and greens used for food.”

Vegetables can be divided into the following groups:

1. Tubers - Jerusalem artichoke (earthen pear, sweet potato, potato;

2. Root vegetables - carrots, beets, turnips, rutabaga, radishes, radishes, parsley, parsnips, celery, horseradish, daikon;

3. Brassicas - white cabbage, red cabbage, Savoy cabbage, Brussels sprouts, cauliflower, kohlrabi, broccoli;

4. Salad - salad;

5. Spicy - dill, tarragon, savory, basil, marjoram;

6. Bulbs - onions, garlic;

7. Nightshades - tomato, pepper, eggplant;

8. Melons - pumpkin, squash, zucchini, crookneck, cucumber, squash, melon, watermelon

9. Legumes - peas, beans, chickpeas, lentils;

10. Cereals - sweet corn;

11. Desserts - artichoke, asparagus, rhubarb.

Vegetables are very healthy to eat, especially raw. Their role for our body is difficult to exaggerate. They charge us with vigor, quench hunger and thirst, saturate the body with natural vitamins and microelements, remove toxins, waste, carcinogens, bad cholesterol, prevent the oxidation of organic compounds, help renew the cells of internal organs, stimulate fat burning, increase the secretion of digestive juices, improve memory, strengthen the immune system, regulate blood glucose levels, etc. In addition, plant foods reduce the likelihood of developing diabetes, stroke, and brain diseases.

Who among us is not familiar with such vegetables as potatoes, carrots, beets, cabbage, because they are regular guests at our table, because not a single housewife can do without them while preparing dinner.

Potatoes are an amazing and versatile product that is successfully used in cooking. Among the results of potato processing, one can also note ethyl alcohol, antimicrobial agents and even fiberboard building boards, which, thanks to potato starch, are environmentally friendly materials.

In medicine, substances from potatoes are used to develop drugs that slow the onset of Alzheimer's disease, destroy cancer cells in the gastrointestinal tract, and relieve inflammatory processes. Of particular scientific interest are the beneficial properties of potatoes, which were previously used only in folk medicine.

Potatoes are considered a perennial plant and are often found wild in their homeland, South America. However, in Europe it is grown as an annual plant.

Surprisingly, potatoes came into use in Rus' under Peter 1. At first, the people greeted the emergence of a new culture with caution and distrust; they called it the “devil’s apple” and “the fruit of harlots,” and the preachers of the Old Believers simply forbade the cultivation of this plant. However, the authorities resorted to violent measures and forced the peasants to plant the “suspicious” vegetable. As a result, in the middle of the 19th century, massive popular uprisings, called “potato riots,” swept across the country.

The importance of potatoes in our lives is best demonstrated by the numerous museums and festivals dedicated to them. For example, May 30 is World Potato Day. In addition, all over the world people demonstrate their love for this vegetable, even erecting monuments to it.

In 1995, potatoes became the first vegetable crop to be grown in zero gravity - on the space shuttle Columbia.

Carrots , like potatoes, are a versatile vegetable that can be eaten raw, added to salads, hot and cold dishes. It is rich in fiber and carbohydrates, contains vitamins and microelements, which, if properly stored and cooked, do not change their quantity. It is known how much this valuable vegetable brings thanks to the vitamins and minerals that make up its composition.

According to scientific research, carrots bring tangible benefits to the human body. With regular use, there is an improvement in the health of the cardiovascular and digestive systems, prevention of osteoporosis and improved vision. There is even an increase in life expectancy.

As I already said, carrots help improve vision, is it a myth or reality? Where did this come from?

Even during World War II, England developed several additional technologies to help shoot down bombers. They didn't want the Germans to understand what this technology was. At the same time, a lieutenant named John Cunningham was serving in the army, who had an amazing ability to see things even in the dark. Friends gave them the nickname "cat eyes." Therefore, the military began publishing stories in newspapers about the John Cunningham phenomenon. Since he was already quite famous, the story seemed plausible. Newspapers claimed that all Royal Air Force pilots should be fed carrots to improve the soldiers' eyesight. This propaganda was much more successful than anyone expected. It has spread throughout the world. Everyone started eating more carrots, thinking it would help them see better at night. The old myth that carrots help you see better isn't actually a complete myth. Carrots really help to see better, especially at night, but only for those people who absorb vitamin A well, which they are very rich in.

One of our most famous root vegetables is beets.

Beetroot is the oldest vegetable crop. Beetroot, which is considered to have originated in the Mediterranean region, was grown 4,000 years ago. To this day, wild beets are found in Iran, on the coasts of the Mediterranean, Black and Caspian Seas, as well as in China. A natural dye was extracted from the root vegetable, and the plant was used in medicine, cooking, and industry.

Beetroot is also widely used in medicine; it helps with blood anemia, spasms, lowers blood pressure, and also as a mild laxative and sedative.

It is believed that beets appeared in Rus' back in the 10th century from Byzantium and are still widely popular. There is evidence that already in the 16th century our ancestors loved borscht.

In the beginning, this vegetable was called beetroot, and in the 17th century it was divided into fodder and food varieties.

It is also interesting that earlier Russian women, in the absence of cosmetics, used beets for cosmetic purposes - they used them to brown their cheeks.

A familiar and fairly common vegetable in our gardens is cabbage.

Cabbage is one of the oldest cultivated garden plants, widely used in cooking. There are a huge number of types of this crop (this includes broccoli, white, red, cauliflower and others).

Cabbage is rich in fiber and low in calories, which makes it attractive in nutrition. In addition, it is rich in vitamins (A, B1, B6, C (ascorbigen, P, K, anti-ulcer vitamin U; potassium and phosphorus salts, microelements (cobalt, copper, zinc, magnesium, and also contains sugars, fats, enzymes (lactose, protease, lipase, hormonal substances, phytoncides.

There is a legend that cabbage is drops of the sweat of God Jupiter, which rolled down from his head and fell on Earth.

People used cabbage back in the Stone and Bronze Ages, as evidenced by numerous finds made during various archaeological excavations. However, there is no exact information about the homeland of this vegetable. Georgians claim that they were the first to grow cabbage. But the Greeks and Italians do not agree with this and insist that their country was the birthplace of cabbage. There is also a version that cabbage was brought to Europe and America from Asia. One thing is clear: this vegetable has been grown on Earth for millions of years.

Cabbage came to Russia in the 9th century. Mention of it can be found in ancient literature from the times of Kievan Rus. Over the years, cabbage has spread throughout the world. At first it was available only to wealthy people. For example, at the wedding of Tsar Alexei Mikhailovich, guests were served a dish of chicken in cabbage.

Cabbage has been one of our favorite dishes for many centuries; who among us does not know the taste of stewed and sauerkraut.

Cabbage dishes will support vision (vitamin A, help in the treatment of the nervous (vitamin B) and cardiovascular system (vitamin K). They will improve hematopoietic processes (high iron content) and increase brain activity, increase the body’s resistance as a whole and help in the fight against oncological diseases.

Who doesn’t know the riddle about the amazing vegetable – onion? : “The grandfather is sitting, wearing a hundred fur coats, and whoever undresses him sheds tears.”

Onions are probably the only vegetable that is almost impossible to do without in the cooking process; it is present on our table every day. It is eaten raw and used for boiling, frying, etc. Without this crunchy spice, many dishes take on a completely different taste, and this change, as a rule, is not for the better.

In addition, the benefits of onions for our health have long been scientifically proven. This vegetable helps fight bacterial and viral infections, improves our immunity, and saturates the body with useful substances.

Japanese and French scientists have found that eating onions has a beneficial effect on brain function. Since fresh spicy vegetables contain a large amount of active sulfur compounds, these substances penetrate through the bloodstream into the brain tissue and have a rejuvenating and cleansing effect on its cells. As a result, a person’s memory improves, concentration increases, and even their mood improves.

Onion lovers are much less likely to experience anxiety and are less irritable. They are calmer and more cheerful than those on whose table this healthy vegetable is rare.

Interestingly, onions contain more sugars than apples and pears. However, at the same time, onions are also an excellent fat burner.

In addition, onions contain many useful substances: iron, essential oils, vitamins, calcium, potassium, manganese, magnesium, phosphorus, sulfur and fluorine, and are also rich in glucinin, which lowers blood sugar levels naturally, which is useful for diabetics.

In the cold season, it is useful to eat half an onion a day to strengthen the immune system.

Onions can also be used as a pain reliever for wasp and bee stings. To do this, rub onion juice into the bite site.

In many countries, onions are used in folk medicine as a treatment for abscesses and blisters.

In our family, onions are always on our table; we use them both for preparing hot dishes and raw. To do this, in the summer we set aside a whole bed in our garden for planting onions specifically for greens.

Garlic is another vegetable known to mankind since ancient times for its beneficial properties. It was actively used in cooking hundreds and thousands of years ago. People have long paid attention to its features, and came to the conclusion that a plant that copes with diseases so well that it probably also has other powers, and therefore garlic was awarded the “ability” to fight various evil spirits. For example, they wore garlic on their chests to protect against vampires.

Garlic is an excellent source of minerals and vitamins necessary to keep the body healthy. Its heads are one of the richest sources of potassium, iron, calcium, magnesium, manganese, zinc and selenium.

Scientists have proven that people who consume more garlic are less susceptible to heart disease.

Like most plants, garlic does not have an exact date of origin. It is reliably known that it began its spread from the territories of modern Tien Shan and the Altai Mountains. It was from there that it began to spread throughout the world. The Chinese were the first to eat garlic.

Garlic came to the territory of Rus' from Byzantium, it was brought by spice traders. It is not known exactly when this happened, however, there are mentions of garlic in chronicles dating back to the 8th century AD, but it is possible that it appeared in Rus' even earlier. At that time, people drank wine with a clove of garlic in the mug.

In manuscripts of the 17th-18th centuries, garlic is mentioned very often, which indicates its widespread use, and it is also constantly mentioned in herbalists of those times as a medicinal plant.

During the reign of Tsar Alexei Mikhailovich, that is, in the 17th century AD, an order was issued to create gardens with garlic for medicinal purposes.

But in 1720, garlic entered the history of mankind as its savior, in the literal sense of the word. Thanks to garlic, France was saved. Garlic mixed with vinegar saved the French from the raging plague at that time, which could have spread throughout the world and killed a lot of people.

Who doesn’t like a salad of tomatoes (or simply tomatoes) and cucumbers, these are regular guests at our table in the summer-autumn period.

Interestingly, I still classify tomatoes differently from the biological and culinary points of view. Namely, from the point of view of biology, tomatoes can be classified as berries, since according to its botanical characteristics, the tomato is a multi-linked syncarpous berry. Its fruits have a thin peel and rich, juicy pulp with small seeds inside.

It is noteworthy that in distant Spain this crop is called “Pomi del Peru”, which translates as “Peruvian apple”. And in Italy this plant is called “Pomo d'oro” or “Golden Apple”. The loving French called tomatoes with the beautiful phrase “Poma Amoris,” which translates as “Apple of Love,” and the ancient Aztecs called the tomato “Tomatl” or “Large Berry,” which is closest to the scientific designation of the plant.

Tomatoes first came to Russia only in the 18th century.

For a long time, tomatoes were considered inedible and even poisonous, and gardeners grew them as an exotic ornamental plant.

Tomatoes are almost 95% water, and per 100 g they only have a calorie content of no more than 22 kcal.

Serotonin (the hormone of joy) was found in their composition, which means that eating tomatoes can improve your mood.

They also contain a lot of vitamin A and C, but no cholesterol.

Scientists claim that regular consumption of tomatoes reduces the risk of developing cancer, and the lycopene they contain is a powerful antioxidant that is not created by the human body.

Another very popular and widespread vegetable crop is the well-known cucumber. It is noteworthy that this plant has been purposefully grown by humans for more than three thousand years, and today there are a huge number of different varieties and hybrids.

Did you know that a cucumber is actually not a vegetable (from a biological point of view, but a fruit that has the appearance of a climbing vine, which, with the help of its spiral curls, stretches upward, diligently clinging to any obstacles and structures.

Interestingly, in the Bible the cucumber is called a vegetable of Egypt.

Perhaps the first of the peoples who traded with Byzantium, the Slavic people began to grow cucumbers. One of the most common dishes of the 16th century in Rus' was “black ukha” - a stew where meat was boiled in cucumber brine mixed with spices and roots.

Then from the Slavs the cucumber came to the table of the Germans and therefore the name in German (die Gurke) is consonant with Russian.

The first written mention of the cultivation and use of cucumbers in the Muscovite state was recorded by the German ambassador Herberstein in 1528 in his travel notes about a trip to Muscovy.

In general, the pumpkin family (or melons, as they are also called) has about 900 species.

The most common of them include cucumber, zucchini, pumpkin, watermelon, melon.

All these plants love the sun and warmth. They are also highly respected and loved by people, and animals too. You can find zucchini, cucumbers, and pumpkins in every garden.

Did you know that watermelon is actually a berry from a biological point of view?

Most varieties of watermelon have bright red flesh. However, this is not the only color option. Thanks to breeders, we can taste watermelon with yellow, orange or white core. True, the taste of watermelons of these varieties is very different from the classic ones. So, for example, yellow ones are similar to watermelon, mango and melon at the same time, orange ones are very sweet, but their specific watermelon aroma is very weakly expressed. The taste of watermelons with white flesh combines in its taste what at first glance is simply impossible to combine - strawberries and cucumbers.

Having visited Turkey, we enjoyed magnificent masterpieces of art - figures carved by masters from watermelons.

The art of carving vegetables and fruits is called carving. It came to us from Southeast Asia, where it was honed and improved over many centuries. In Europe, vegetable carving is more traditional, in Asia - fruit carving. At the same time, in China they prefer to carve figures of people and animals, while in Thailand and Japan they prefer compositions with flowers.

The main advantage of watermelon as a basis for carving is its size. There is room for your imagination to run wild! The only thing that can limit it is the lack of skill and the fragility of the masterpiece - watermelon sculptures very quickly lose their shape.

Another representative of vegetables is various legumes: peas, beans, beans, lentils. Which child doesn’t love to eat milk peas straight from the garden?

They have known about peas in Russia for a long time, we even have

such a saying: “It was under Tsar Pea,” that is, it was in time immemorial. The expression “Under Tsar Pea” came from the fairy tale about Ivan, who, with the help of peas, dealt with the fiercest snake and, of course, became Tsar Pea.

Especially a lot of peas were grown in the Yaroslavl province.

In Russia, such expressions as “bounce off like a pea from a wall”, “a pea buffoon”, “a stuffed pea” have also been preserved.

And which of the children has not heard of such a punishment as “putting them on peas?” It came to us, it turns out, from Great Britain, where it was invented specifically for raising children. They say that standing on peas is difficult only for the first half a minute, then your knees just get used to it. It’s good that this punishment is not practiced here.

Undoubtedly, we can talk and talk about vegetables, because it is impossible to imagine a person’s diet without vegetables, at least if he expects to live a long time. Their benefits to the body and role in digestion and metabolic processes are very high.

Of course, you shouldn’t eat vegetables alone, since for the full complex of vitamins a person needs, meat, grains, and fish are needed…. But they are great as a side dish. The big advantage of vegetables is that they help in the digestion of all food-related products, improving the absorption of nutrients from them.

Salad

These plants are often used in preparing various dishes. Salad vegetables are conventionally divided into leaf and cabbage varieties. They differ from each other in structural features.

Leaf lettuce

Lettuce
It is also called green salad. This herbaceous plant was already known in Ancient Rome. People appreciated it for its excellent taste. The leaves contain a lot of carotene, which has a beneficial effect on vision. Regular consumption of salad can prevent the development of Alzheimer's disease.

Spicy

Spicy plants are mainly presented in the form of herbs, which are used as seasonings in the preparation of various dishes. From some, essential oils are obtained that are used for medicinal purposes.

Dill

Dill
Belongs to the Umbelliferae family. Represented by one species. Has a strong spicy odor. The stem can reach a height of 1.5 m. This light-demanding plant can be found on almost all continents of the planet. Dill is used not only in cooking, but also in medicine.

Basil

Basil
An annual plant that is used as a seasoning in the preparation of various dishes. It appeared in Russia in the 18th century and was originally used as a medicine. Basil leaves contain a large amount of essential oils and other beneficial substances, which is why they are used in various industries.

Savory

Savory
An annual plant grown on the shores of the Mediterranean Sea. It is used in medicine as an antibacterial agent and in cooking as a seasoning for various dishes. This is an unpretentious plant with entire leaves. In recent years, attempts have been actively made to expand the range of savory.

Tarragon

Tarragon
Perennial plant. One of the varieties of wormwood. Included in the Red Book of Russia. Most often, tarragon can be found on dry steppe slopes or in fields. The stem can reach a height of one and a half meters. Used as a seasoning in the preparation of various dishes. Tarragon is the main component of the famous refreshing drink Tarragon.

Marjoram

Marjoram
is a perennial herbaceous plant. The height of its branched stems rarely exceeds 45 cm. The leaves have an oblong-ovate shape. Used in cooking as a seasoning and in medicine to improve digestion. Also has a diuretic effect. This is a valuable honey plant that tolerates high temperatures well.

What types of vegetables are there?

Vegetables are classified according to various criteria, but it is useful for consumers to have information about the groups, which allows them to select a plant with the necessary properties.

Tubers

The group of tubers consists of vegetables, the fruits of which are formed on the underground part of the stems and root appendages.

The definition of tuber crops applies to:

potatoes;
Jerusalem artichoke;
sweet potato;
cassave;
yams;
yakonu;
taro (colocasia edible, cocoyamsu);
Chinese artichoke;
tuberiferous ulluco;
tuberous nasturtium;
tuberous sorrel;
arrowroot reed;
rank (tuberiferous, tuberous);
edible chayote;
melotria rough;
winged beans.

The largest amount of nutrients, mainly carbohydrates (starch, inulin), is concentrated in tubers. They also contain valuable micro- and macroelements.

Roots

This group includes plants whose succulent organs develop underground. They are formed with the participation of the main shoot, hypocotyl, and main root.

The group list is presented:

beets;
carrots;
turnip;
radishes;
radish;
turnip;
parsnip;
celery;
parsley;
rutabaga;
oat root;
daikon

With a similar structure, root vegetables can represent different botanical families of plants.

Brassicas

In cabbage plants, the above-ground part is considered edible. The group list is made up of:

white, red, Savoy, Portuguese, Japanese, Brussels sprouts, Beijing, cauliflower, Chinese cabbage;
kohlrabi;
;

Cabbage group vegetables are saturated with water (87-92%), carbohydrates (glucose and fructose), proteins, nitrogen-containing substances, fiber, salt elements, and ascorbic acid.

Salad

By salad vegetables we mean vegetables whose nutritional value is contained in the leaves. The list of this group overlaps with the others, since in many vegetables both underground and above-ground parts are considered edible. The list of salad vegetables group consists of:

lettuce (lettuce);
leaf parsley;
leaf mustard;
quinoa;
sorrel;
spinach;
purslane;
chard (chard);
vegetable fennel;
arugula;
Portuguese cabbage;
cucumber herb;
nettle;
purslane, etc.

Fresh plants serve as the basis and components of salads.

Spicy

Spicy vegetables are distinguished from other groups by their specific aroma and harsh taste. The peculiarity is due to the high content of essential oils. The group of plants is represented by:

leaf parsley;
dill;
ginger;
hot capsicum;
tarragon;
horseradish;
marjoram;
lemon balm;
mint;
thyme;
basil;
savory;
capers, etc.

It is difficult to say exactly which vegetables are included in this group. Some botanists exclude herbs from the list, considering them a separate subspecies. Other scientists classify vegetables from other groups as spicy, which have a distinct taste.

In most cases, spicy fresh vegetables are used as a dietary supplement, which whet the appetite and promote the rapid absorption of food by the stomach.

Bulbous

The name of vegetables of this genus speaks for itself, indicating a root vegetable in the shape of an onion. Saturated with essential oils and distinguished by their pungent taste, representatives of bulbous vegetables are often combined with spicy ones. Both underground and above-ground parts of plants are used, which are rich in vitamin C and protechinic acid, which allows you to actively fight infections. Onions, garlic, wild garlic do not need description. The group includes shallots, slime onions, and onions:

sandy;
shallot;
Vavilova;
nutmeg;
victorious;
round;
bearish;
strange;
large-stamen;
Altaic;
giant, etc.

Bulbous plants are characterized by high nutritional value, however, due to their sharp taste, they are used for food as components of salads, additions to meat dishes and all kinds of side dishes.

Tomato

The group of tomato vegetables includes polyspermous plants, which are divided into nightshades and capsicums. Some are filled with juicy pulp, others are hollow, but stand out with a fleshy shell. The first genus includes tomatoes and eggplants, the second includes hot capsicums and sweet vegetable peppers.

The fruits of the plants are characterized by high nutritional value and excellent taste. Fruit vegetables of this group are consumed fresh, boiled, stewed, or fried. They become the basis of original dishes, serve as components of salads, juices, sauces, etc.

Pumpkin

Annual and perennial plants with creeping stems and large fruits - multi-seeded false berries called pumpkins. The integumentary skin tissue hides the fleshy or juicy pulp containing separate seed chambers (with the exception of watermelon). The group list includes the following plants:

pumpkin;
cucumber;
luffa;
chayote;
watermelon;
squash;
Benincasa;
momordica;
zucchini;
lagenaria;
cyclantera;
trichosanth;
melotria;
tladianta;
Sicana;

Pumpkin vegetables are a common food item. They are eaten baked, fried and stewed, pickled and salted. Watermelons, melons, and cassabana are eaten fresh like fruits. The medicinal properties of this group largely relate to the digestive organs.

Legumes

This group of vegetables belongs to the legume family. A distinctive feature is the unusual shape of bivalve fruits, which are called blades. The nutritional value is represented by unripe starchy, milky-waxy seeds that do not have a pronounced taste. The list of legumes includes:

beans (common, holly, moon-shaped, angular);
mung bean;
rank (sowing, purple, Gmelina);
peas (seed peas, pigeon peas, cow peas, chickpeas);
soybean;
bean (ordinary, garden);
lobia;
common lentils, etc.

Plants of this group received cultural status more than 7.5 thousand years ago. The value of legumes lies in their high protein content, similar in composition to milk and meat. In terms of prevalence as a food product, legumes occupy a leading position on a global scale.

Cereals

The list of cereal vegetables is minimal. The only representative of the genus is sweet corn or maize. Scientists suggest that this plant, grown in Mexico several thousand years ago, is the progenitor of bread. Corn is distinguished by a straight stem up to 3 meters long, trimmed with large linear-lanceolate leaves.

The edible part of the plant is a cylindrical cob covered with caryopses (unopened single-seeded fruits), the number of which exceeds 1000 pieces. Corn is consumed raw, boiled, fried. Porridge is prepared from it, dried, canned, etc.

Corn oil is included in the diet menu and is used for medicinal purposes.

Dessert

The list of dessert vegetables includes perennial herbaceous plants, which include asparagus, rhubarb and artichoke. Dishes containing these plants effectively complete a meal. When grouped with the same name, dessert vegetables differ in many respects, as can be seen from the photographs:

Rhubarb belongs to the herb family. In appearance it is similar to burdock. The culinary value of the plant lies in the fleshy petioles of the basal foliage. Rich in potassium and vitamin C. Serves as the basis for compotes, jams, candied fruits and wine.
Asparagus is one of the perennial herbaceous plants. It stands out for its large rhizome and stems with a height of one and a half meters. The edible part is young shoots, reaching a length of 20–25 cm and a diameter of about 2 cm. As they grow, the juicy, crispy shoots change color and taste. White plants have a delicate nutty flavor. Green ones have a herbaceous, slightly bitter taste. Purple plants are bitter. In addition to dessert, where it is used fresh, asparagus is the basis of side dishes, a component of hot dishes, and salads.
A distinctive feature of the artichoke is a purple or bluish basket-shaped inflorescence, which is crowned by a straight stem with feathery leaves. In addition to the fleshy receptacle, the bases of the scales from which the buds are formed are eaten. The plant has a slight mushroom or nutty flavor. Artichokes are eaten fresh, pickled and canned.

Vegetables included in the dessert group list are used in medicine and cosmetics.

Bulbous

A distinctive feature of bulbous plants is the edible underground part. It can be consumed both raw and processed. Due to their high content of caustic substances, bulbous plants are used as a prophylactic against colds.

Onion

Onion
This is a valuable perennial crop that provides the human body with a whole range of vitamins and minerals. All parts of it are considered edible. Onions have anti-inflammatory and antimicrobial properties. This plant is also used to normalize intestinal function and improve immunity. The juice is used to resolve bruises and scars.

Garlic

Garlic
Thanks to its unpretentiousness, garlic is cultivated all over the world. The perennial plant contains many useful substances that have a positive effect on human health. Garlic is used to remove parasites from the body, as well as in the treatment of colds.

Tasks

If you want to use pictures on the topic “Vegetables” during speech therapy classes for children, you can offer the following assignment options:

Pick and describe

The child must sort the images according to “what grows in the garden and in the garden”, and then tell in detail about one or several vegetables.

List the characteristics of the object

A picture with a vegetable is selected. Then you need to list its characteristics (beets - burgundy, large, round, young, washed).

Make up a story

Using a plot picture with vegetables, you can come up with a story on the theme “Harvesting” or “Little gardeners.”

Harvesting Little gardeners

Come up with questions

Based on one subject picture with a vegetable, come up with as many questions as possible:

Where does it grow? What color does it come in? What does it resemble in shape? What dishes can be prepared from it?

Describe the picture

Invite your child to talk about the vegetable he has on the card: list the external signs, where it grows, and in what form it is eaten.

Lay it out and tell it

Ask them to sort the images into three groups: what grows underground, in the garden, on a bush.

Tomato

The edible part of this type of vegetable is the berry, which is filled with seeds. They are well absorbed in the body and contribute to the normalization of the gastrointestinal tract.

Tomato

Tomato
This semi-shrub and very unpretentious plant is better known as tomato. It appeared in Russia only in the 18th century. Tomato contains a lot of useful substances that have a beneficial effect on the human body. Tomato bushes can reach a height of up to 2 m. Interesting fact: people have long considered tomatoes to be poisonous. In Rus', peasants even refused to plant them.

Pumpkin

This family has found wide application. Plants are used in many branches of human activity, from cooking to landscape design. About 600 types of vegetables are classified as pumpkin.

Pumpkin

Pumpkin
An annual plant of large size. Often used as a dietary vegetable. Pumpkin contains many useful vitamins, as well as potassium and iron. A substance is obtained from the plant that is used to combat tubercle bacilli.

Cucumber

Cucumbers
This annual plant has been cultivated for about 6 thousand years. Cucumbers appeared in Russia around the 16th century. The plant has a low calorie content, which makes it an indispensable component of almost all diets. The size of the fruit can reach 30 cm. Cucumbers can eliminate the acid imbalance of the body.

Zucchini

Zucchini
This is a bushy perennial plant native to America. The fruit size can reach 40 cm. Zucchini has a rich chemical composition, which includes many useful substances. The plant is able to remove excess fluid from the human body, which normalizes kidney function.

Squash

Patisson
An annual herbaceous plant used in cooking. The name can be translated from French as pie. This is a bush-shaped plant with small fruits. They are consumed both raw and processed. Patisson is very demanding of moisture and soil, as well as heat. The plant reproduces by seeds.

Games

What a harvest!

The players take turns taking one card with a picture of a vegetable and passing it around the circle, naming its characteristics. The last one to come up with an answer wins. Then the game is repeated again, but with a different card.

Let's cook lunch

Each player chooses three pictures with vegetables. You need to correctly name the dish that can be prepared from each. Example:

eggplant, tomato, pumpkin - eggplant caviar, tomato soup, pumpkin juice; potatoes, zucchini, cucumber - mashed potatoes, zucchini pancakes, cucumber salad.

What's extra?

Select four pictures so that three have something in common, and the fourth is superfluous. Example:

carrots-turnips-tomatoes-beets (all grow underground, but tomatoes do not) tomato-eggplant-radish-bell pepper (extra radishes, grow underground)

Older preschoolers can be offered more complex versions of this game:

tomato-potato-carrot-cucumber (potatoes are not eaten raw, they are extra).

Writing riddles

Ask your child to choose one image from the Vegetables or Vegetable Garden set, and then make a wish for what is drawn. Children 3-4 years old are trained to describe only the features of an object from a selected picture, while older children can already come up with much more complex constructions, even short funny poems.

Legumes

This family differs from the rest in that the fruits of legumes are pods containing peas for food. They can be eaten both fresh and processed.

Peas

Peas
This is a perennial herbaceous plant that is eaten by people and animals. The fruits are pods reaching a length of 8 cm. The peas are round or angular in shape. Archaeological research shows that peas have been consumed by people since the Stone Age.

Interesting fact : green peas are the first vegetable to be canned in metal cans.

Beans

Beans
A perennial plant with fruits up to 20 cm long. It came to Europe after the Columbus expedition. Beans contain a large amount of protein, similar to that found in meat. In their raw form, many varieties of the plant are poisonous, so they must be subjected to heat treatment.

Lentils

Lentils
An annual plant native to Southern Europe. The stem can reach a height of 75 cm. Lentils are mentioned in the Old Testament. The plant contains a lot of easily digestible protein, as well as a number of vitamins and minerals.

“Speech therapy lesson on the lexical topic “Vegetables” with homework”

Summary of a subgroup speech therapy lesson in the senior group on the topic “Vegetables”

Lesson No. 1

Purpose of the lesson:

formation of the lexical and grammatical structure of speech on the lexical topic “Vegetables”.

Tasks:

Correctional and educational:

Systematize knowledge about vegetables, activate your vocabulary on this topic.
Learn to form the plural of nouns.
Learn to form nouns with diminutive suffixes.
Practice forming relative adjectives and agreeing adjectives with nouns.
Practice the correct use of the prepositions “on, in.”

Correctional and developmental:

Develop articulatory motor skills.
Develop gross and fine motor skills.
Develop the lexical and grammatical structure of speech.
Develop memory, attention, thinking.

Correctional and educational:

Foster independence and the ability to listen to children’s answers.
Cultivate kindness and a desire to help others.

Equipment:

magnetic board,
pictures of vegetables,
plot picture “Vegetable Garden”,
ball,
mirrors

OD move:

1. Organizational moment.

Speech therapist:

Guys, the Gnome came to visit us, and he prepared a lot of interesting games. But first, guess his riddle:

They are different, They ripen in vegetable gardens, They are called in one word, Mom adds them to borscht!

Children:

Vegetables!

Speech therapist: Correct. The topic of today's lesson is vegetables. Listen and guess what vegetable it is.

A girl grew underground, but fresh and round-faced. The dog Artoshka barks loudly: - Woof-woof-woof - hello,...! (potato)

One hundred clothes - All without fasteners. (cabbage)

A beautiful maiden sits in prison, and her braid is on the street. (carrot)

2. Main part.

Speech therapist

: Guys, tell the Gnome what other vegetables do you know?

Children:

cucumber, tomato, zucchini, onion, beets.
( Vegetables are attached to the magnetic board one by one).
Speech therapist:

Do you know that vegetables grow in garden beds (
a picture “Vegetable Garden” is attached to the board).
Some vegetables grow on the ground, these include tomatoes, cucumbers, and cabbage. Some vegetables grow in the ground, these include potatoes and carrots. What other vegetables grow in the ground, name them. When vegetables are ripe, they need to be harvested. Vegetables that grow on the ground are picked and cut. Vegetables that grow in the ground are dug up and pulled out.

1) Finger gymnastics

Guys, we have already said that vegetables grow in the garden in the garden. Let's see how many vegetables grow in our garden.

There are a lot of vegetables in our garden. Let's count them, it will become more fun. (we squeeze and unclench our fingers)

Carrot, onion and cucumber, tomato and pepper. ( we bend our fingers, starting with the thumb

)

Five types of vegetables were named, Five fingers were clenched into a fist. ( we squeeze and unclench our fingers)

2) Massage of biologically active points of the face “Peas”.

There were peas in the store - massage your cheeks in a circular motion.

The pea screamed: “Oh - Oh!”
– massage the ears with movements from top to bottom
Here I am, kids, look, don’t look at the candies –
massage the outer corners of the eyes
Well, buy me quickly –
press on the wings of the nose with your index fingers.
There is no benefit from sweets -
we use our index fingers to massage the corners of our lips
. I need it more than a hundred sweets!
– press your palms to your cheeks.
3) Game “Name it kindly”

Speech therapist:

Our guest lives in a magical land where all objects are small, so they call everything affectionately. Now we will try to affectionately name vegetables:

Children:

cucumber - cucumber, tomato - tomato, cabbage - cabbage, potato - potato, onion - onion.

4) Game “One - Many”

Speech therapist:

Guys, Gnome has prepared the next game for you. Now I will tell you one vegetable, and you will tell me when there are many of them.

Children:

cucumber - cucumbers, onion - onions, zucchini - zucchini, tomato - tomatoes.

5) Physical exercise “Planting a vegetable garden”

Speech therapist:

The gnome loves to eat vegetables all year round, but he just forgot what he needs to do to reap a good harvest. Let's remember together. Watch and repeat after me.

We took the shovels and dug up the beds. They took the rake in hand and leveled the beds. We planted the seeds in rows together, and then watered them with warm water.

6) Didactic game “Harvesting”

Speech therapist:

A good harvest has grown in the garden, let's harvest it. Tell me, which vegetables do I pick, which ones do I pull out, which ones do I cut, and which ones do I dig up?

Picked: ( tomato, cucumber

), Pull out: (
onions, carrots
), Cut:
(zucchini, cabbage
), Dig out: (
potatoes
).

7) Game "Cooking"

Speech therapist:

Guys, tell me what can be cooked from vegetables?

Children:

juice, soup, salad...

Speech therapist:

Think and tell me, carrot juice - what kind of juice?

Children:

Carrot.
Juice: carrots, cucumber, tomato.
Salad: cabbage, cucumber, vegetables. Soup: tomato, potato, vegetables. Speech therapist:

Well done!

Didactic game "Cook"

Speech therapist:

Let's prepare a treat (
soup or salad
).
Choose the right vegetables for the dish, name them and explain how you will prepare this “treat” ( take, wash, peel, cut, cook
).

9) Speech therapist:

Guys, let's remember which vegetables grow underground and which on the ground.

The speech therapist throws a ball to the child and names a vegetable.

Children: Carrots grow underground, etc.

Summary of the lesson.

Repetition and generalization of the material that children learned in class.

Speech therapist:

Children, our guest liked the way you answered his riddles and willingly played. Let's repeat what is shown in the pictures, where vegetables grow, and what can be cooked.

- Well done, guys, the gnome has prepared a surprise for you, he brought you magic leaves, on them you will find different vegetables!

Cereals

They are high in protein and carbohydrates. The composition also includes a number of useful and easily digestible substances that have a beneficial effect on the human body.

Corn

Corn
This is a type of annual plant conventionally divided into 9 botanical groups. The stems can reach a height of 3 m, the growing season lasts up to six months. This is a heat-loving plant, demanding light and soil quality.

Dessert

Vegetables of this type are mainly used by confectioners. Plants are used to make pies, jam, etc. The group is represented by 3 types of vegetables.

Artichoke

Artichoke
This is a perennial plant that is shaped like a small green cone. Artichoke cultivation began about 5 thousand years ago. Due to its unpretentiousness, the plant quickly spread throughout the globe. Contains a large amount of vegetable protein.

Asparagus

Asparagus
An annual plant with highly branched shoots up to 150 cm long. The leaves are small and scaly. The plant contains valuable vitamins and minerals. Asparagus is low in calories, so it is often included in various diets.

Rhubarb

Rhubarb
A perennial plant with a thick rhizome. The flowers are white, bisexual. Used in both cooking and medicine. The height of the stem in some species reaches 250 cm. Cuttings are mainly used for food.

How to conduct classes

Making each speech therapy session as effective as possible allows not only high-quality visual material, but also its correct use. There are several principles that are important to follow when working with pictures.

Cards for children should have bright, realistic images drawn on a white background. It is better to use special kits for kindergarten; photography can also be useful.
The younger the children, the more important it is to show images only of familiar, familiar objects.
The number of pictures used in one lesson should correspond to the age of the child. For kids, 3-5 are enough; for older kids, you can take up to 10-15 cards.
During the lesson, use subject and plot pictures on the same topic.
First, you should introduce the children to the pictures, let them look at them well, and only then take the selected cards for educational games and activities.