When parents notice a speech defect such as burr in their children, they begin to take their children to speech therapists and take various measures to eliminate incorrect pronunciation. But there are people who deliberately want to know how to learn to burr. One of the main reasons for this desire is to study French. Also, many young people want to imitate their idols (for example, the leader of the group “Okean Elzy” Svyatoslav Vakarchuk, the rap artist “Guf” and many others are known for their incorrect pronunciation of this sound).
Imitation is a way to study burr
How to start burring correctly? First of all, you need to know well how to pronounce the correct letter “R”. Only then can we study the mechanism for reproducing the grazing “P”. You need to compare them and understand how they differ from each other.
Carrying out the analysis, it will be clear that when a person pronounces the usual sound “R”, he actively uses the tip of his tongue. Unlike the usual sound, the grazing “P” forces the use of the lingual root and larynx.
When pronouncing the usual “R”, you need to feel where exactly the speech organ is located at this time. After this, you need to slowly move the tongue from the tip to the base. The “burr” sound “P” is produced using air currents directly in the throat, without involving the end of the tongue.
In order to learn by imitation, you will need to stock up on various works in French: music, films, programs. When using them, you should try to repeat the expressions of the French. It is important to ensure that the words sound similar.
If you want to imitate your Russian idols, then use their material accordingly.
To control your pronunciation, you can use a voice recorder. Use it to record your voice and listen to it, assessing the correctness of the reproduction of the defective “P”.
German pronunciation
There are three different ways to say “r” in German.
The choice of the right one depends on the specific word and the letters surrounding this sound. None of them are found in the Russian language, so you still need to learn how to pronounce them correctly. The first option sounds like a slight burr. The sound is not as soft as the French, since the German language is hard. This is something between Parisian and Russian pronunciation.
The second sound of “r” in German is hissing. It also has no analogues with Russian letters, but resembles a soft “хь”. In order for the sound to be heard, it must be pronounced with a forced, sharp exhalation.
The third way of pronunciation is growling. And he repeats Russian exactly. You can meet it not in all corners of the country, but in the south. This dialect is especially widespread in Bavaria.
Exercises for those who want to burr
There are still ways to learn to burr. These include special exercises. They can also be found in the French language program. There are a lot of exercises that allow you to acquire the skill of grazing the letter “P”. It is worth highlighting some of them:
- It is necessary to stand in front of a mirror, because it is much easier to do the exercises when you can control the work of your speech organ. Next, you will need to press the middle of the tongue to the palate, and apply the tip to the lower jaw. In this position of the organs, try to reproduce the sound “R”.
- Now you need to again touch the palate and pharynx with the base of the speech organ, while straining it strongly. Try to pronounce the letter again.
- This exercise requires a glass of water. You need to gargle while pronouncing the sound “R”. After this, you should try to do the same thing, only without the help of water. The sound should be vibrating.
All these exercises must be done regularly. You need to understand that nothing will work out the first time. If you are diligent, then soon all these activities will not cause any difficulties and your goal will be achieved.
French pronunciation
This language is very soft and melodic. The “r” sound in it has a pleasant burr. The Parisian version is the most difficult to pronounce.
But in provincial towns you can also find the familiar dialect with a hard “r”.
The main rule in reading French and the difference between the language and English and German is that the “r” at the end of a word is never lost and is pronounced the same way as at the beginning and middle. This sound belongs to the voiced and sonorant ones. But it is formed not like Russian - not in a large language, but in a small one. That is why it is called uvular.
According to the method of formation, the sound is fricative. This means that during pronunciation the vocal apparatus does not close, although it approaches quite strongly. Turbulent turbulence occurs in the mouth, which produces an audible result. The Paris version of this sound has no vibration or friction noise. It is completely slotted.
At the end of words in French, “r” can have up to 2 vibrations. There are several more pronunciation options in the regions. This is a rolling sound, similar to Russian and produced by the front of the tongue, but less vibrating and more sonorous. And graced, which is distinguished by its posterior lingual origin.
In addition to differences in the amount of vibration, noise in the sound is taken into account. This is especially important for Parisian pronunciation. And at the end of words, “r” becomes voiced and sonant, but not dull, as in the Russian sound.
Correct articulation in velar (classical) French pronunciation implies movement of the edge of the soft palate, less often the back surface of the tongue. In this case, the small tongue is in a tense state, but does not vibrate.
Studying sayings and tongue twisters
To learn and consolidate the skill of pronunciation of the grazing sound “R”, it is good to use sayings and tongue twisters in French. Finding them is not difficult; there are a huge number of them on the Internet.
Having chosen short and simple expressions to begin with, you can begin to pronounce them. Before doing this, it is better to listen to how the French themselves do it. Over time, you can move on to longer and more complex phrases. For example, you can take the following tongue twister:
"Rat vit riz Rat mit patte à ras Rat mit patte à riz Riz ciut patte à rat."
You can also use this example of a saying:
"Dans la gendarmerie, quand un gendarme rit, tous les gendarmes rient dans la gendarmerie."
You can also find out how to pronounce these expressions on the global network. If a person can master the correct pronunciation of tongue twisters and sayings, then all the work was not in vain. After all, their reproduction is not so simple.
Mythical and real reasons
In former times, there were many myths about the causes of Jewish burr. There is a legend that the prophet Moses was distinguished by this peculiarity of speech. The Jews considered themselves descendants of this biblical character. They believed that burring was passed down to them from their great ancestor.
According to another legend, this speech trait was given to the Jews by God. It was a kind of gift to the Israelis. Therefore, representatives of the Jewish nation were not only not embarrassed by burr, but were even proud of such speech.
Of course, such explanations have nothing to do with reality. The reasons for burring lie in the peculiarities of the language.
When we start learning foreign languages, sometimes it is difficult for us to pronounce individual sounds. These vowels and consonants simply do not exist in our native speech. And we sometimes replace them with familiar sounds from the Russian language. This is exactly the case with the burrs of the Jews and the French. After all, pronunciation is the most difficult part of mastering foreign languages.
Music for learning grazing
A very good way to become a person who can burr is French music. Some artists even use too much grease to give their songs the most appeal. The music of such performers will be the best option for learning burry pronunciation.
Especially if a person knows how and loves to sing, then such an activity will bring a lot of pleasure and at the same time benefit. You just need to choose songs you like, which you can do online or by purchasing a CD of French music in a store.
How to learn to pronounce the letter r at home
One of the reasons for this defect is the short frenulum of the inner tongue. To give elasticity, you need to open your mouth, stretch out your tongue, try to reach your chin, or the tip of your nose. This exercise is best done at home, so that no one distracts you. For homework on a problem, a suitable way to record yourself on a voice recorder is suitable. By listening to how you pronounce, for example, a tongue twister, you can identify what kind of origin the error has. Recording yourself will help detect even small deviations from the speech standard.
How can you use the Russian sound “X”?
Indeed, there is an exercise that allows you to achieve a smooth pronunciation of the letter “P” using the Russian sound “X”. After all, these two sounds are very similar in the mechanism of movement of the speech organs.
First you need to find a word with the letter “X” and pronounce it several times in order to understand how the tongue moves at this time. Then play "X" separately. Then try to replace the dull sound with a voiced one. If everything was done correctly, a defective “R” sound will be heard.
Thanks to such simple methods as burring the letter “P”, you can achieve success. The main thing is to do the exercises regularly. At first it will be difficult, as in any educational process. But if you show diligence, you will certainly become burry.
Even if the skill of pronouncing the grazing “R” is acquired, you still should not completely abandon the exercises, especially if you use the correct pronunciation in your normal speech. It is necessary to constantly consolidate the result and improve so that, if necessary, you can dramatically rearrange the articulation of this difficult sound.
How to learn to pronounce the letter r
Everything, as everywhere else, a child’s body is easier to re-educate reflexes, treat any diseases, and thinking, in general, is quite flexible than an adult. With favorable development, the baby tries to pronounce individual syllables and sentences as early as one year, but according to human nature, this is a very early time. It is for this reason that in youth it is necessary to pay special attention to whether the child confuses letters or whether there are any other defects. And the most difficult thing is the pronunciation of “R”.
Parents should understand that often the cause is the shape of the tongue, a small frenulum, weak muscles around the mouth, all of which cause complications with various sounds. It also happens that the position of the teeth affects the pronunciation, here you need the help of a doctor who will recommend a special plate for a while. If you do not deal with this problem at a young age, it will be extremely problematic to solve it as an adult. To eliminate burr, you need to know the cause, and only then fight it. This is usually done by a speech therapist; he will help parents improve their child’s speech without surgical intervention.
Types of burr
There are different types of rotacism. Depending on its etiology, there are two types:
- Velar. The vibration occurs at the edge of the soft palate.
- Uvular rotacism. The vibration occurs on the small uvula of the soft palate.
In a broad sense, there are several forms of burr (rhotacism):
- Simple or monomorphic. The pronunciation of one or more sounds of one group is impaired - “S Z C”, “ZH Sh Ch”.
- Polymorphic or complex. The articulation of phonemes from different groups is impaired.
- Physiological. Also called age-related. With it, sound pronunciation is impaired in children under five years of age, which is associated with insufficient development of articulatory organs.
- Functional. Rotacism develops in the absence of problems with the articulatory apparatus, central nervous system, hearing and other devices and systems.
- Mechanical or organic. The development of rhotacism is associated with congenital or acquired pathologies of the speech apparatus.
An accurate diagnosis can only be made by a speech therapist. The definition of burr determines the choice of methods for its correction.
Rotacisms
Correction of burr in adults and children depends on the form of rhotacism. They are as follows:
- There is no “R” in the speech (handle - uchka, river - eka);
- Velar rhotacism or soft pronunciation. The root of the tongue comes into contact with the soft palate, namely its lower edge. A stream of air passes through the gap between them during pronunciation, causing the palate to vibrate.
- Uvular rotacism. Often called "throat".
- Side. The vibration occurs on the side of the tongue, not on the tip. This is how a sound similar to “l” or “rl” appears.
- Bilabial. This type is also called labial, labial or bilabial. Distortion occurs when the lips vibrate, this is how it turns out “prr”. Speech therapists call this sound a coachman's sound.
- Interdental or interdental. Sound pronunciation is caused by the position of the tongue between the teeth.
- Single-strike or proto. Reminds me of “d”, it’s impossible to pronounce the long “RRRRRRRR”.
- Buccal. The exhaled air passes between the cheeks, which causes vibration.
- Nasal. The root is in contact with the soft palate, and air passes through the nose.
- replacing “P” hard with soft.
- Labiodental. The sound is formed between the lip and the upper teeth.
- Laryngeal or laryngeal.
Depending on the form of rotacism, certain exercises are selected aimed at correcting this phenomenon.
Pararotacisms
Pararotacism is the replacement of the rumbling “R” sound with a softer one. The main causes are paresis, short frenulum, impaired phonetic hearing and copying incorrect pronunciation from adults. With pararotacism, the following “P” substitutions occur:
- c: appears in the absence of vibration - “wuka - hand”;
- d: it turns out “hand - duka”;
- g: “hand – guka”;
- n: hand – puka;
- l: hand - bow;
- s: hand – yuka;
- y: hand – yuka.
Correction of pararotacism has many similar sections to burr. The most basic exercise for this is tongue twisters for burr.
Functional burr
Functional burr can develop in a child due to chronic diseases. Another common reason is pedagogical neglect - when a child is given insufficient time from parents and adults, the child develops slowly, not because he has problems with the intellect, but because no one works with him or they do not do it enough.
Often this phenomenon develops in children from bilingual families, that is, adults speak different languages, or from families where one or both parents have such problems. In this way, the child copies the pronunciation of adults. Also, this type of burr may appear due to the presence of disorders of the articulatory apparatus or underdeveloped phonetic hearing.
Organic burr
Occurs due to the structural features of the oral cavity - teeth, bite, tongue (frenulum). A child or adult may burr due to improper jaw structure or lack of teeth. In this case, it is impossible to get rid of rotacism without the help of dentists and an orthodontist. The organic form can appear during life as a result of trauma.
Sensory tongue-tiedness (dyslalia)
This speech disorder is also called tongue-tied or dyslalia. This consists of the inability to pronounce certain sounds or series of sounds. Tongue-tied sounds can be all vowels or all consonants. In the simplest cases, tongue-tiedness affects one or more. Such phonemes are sometimes dropped out or replaced by others. Tongue-tiedness can be called the most common speech defect in a child.
Functional tongue-tiedness is a consequence of improper speech development. It usually occurs at 3-4 years of age and can continue into preschool age. Cases of tongue-tiedness in adults are rare, but they do exist.
Language environment
Surely you have met many Jews who have no problems pronouncing the sounds of Russian speech. Not all representatives of this people burr. What does this depend on?
Let's go a little deeper into history. In earlier times, Jews lived in communities in specific regions called “shtetls.” Many people spoke Russian, but mostly spoke Hebrew or Yiddish.
Jewish children grew up in an isolated linguistic environment. From a very young age, they heard their parents speak Hebrew or Yiddish. At the same time, the children were taught to speak Russian. But at the same time, the child adopted the guttural pronunciation “r” from adults.
If a Jew begins to learn Russian as an adult, then no problems with pronouncing sounds arise. Sooner or later a person masters correct and clear articulation. Burr is characteristic of those people who, from early childhood, heard Russian speech with a Jewish accent.
Sergei Rost is 56 years old: what cat ran between him and Nagiyev 17 years ago
Glass bottles always have a grooved bottom, which is non-slip
Puffy sleeves: spring 2021 trends coming from historical dramas
Nowadays it is very difficult to meet a burring Jew. In Russia, these people are quite assimilated. Most Jews speak Russian from early childhood and often do not even speak their native languages. These people do not have any problems pronouncing sounds.
