Reasons why a child may not pronounce letters
Incorrect pronunciation of letters may be due to improper upbringing. If parents, when communicating with their child, change their voice, lisp or babble, then the baby gets used to such communication and his incorrect pronunciation of letters is reinforced.
Therefore, you need to speak to your child in correct and clear language. Immediately stop the slightest shortcomings in your baby’s speech, because with age it will be several times more difficult to correct them.
Wrong attitude towards spoken language. There is an opinion that learning to speak occurs without intervention from adults. But if parents do not participate in the process of developing the child’s speech, then over time the child’s lag in speech development will begin to appear.
Front-lingual sounds
With dysarthria, all groups of sounds often suffer. For example, “D”, “T” and their soft pairs. Various techniques are used for correction. Before this, the mobility of the lower jaw must be developed. The tip of the tongue should rise towards the upper teeth.
To produce the sound “D” in a child with dysarthria, the following technique is used: they are asked to pronounce “B” for a long time and at this time the tip of the tongue is carefully lifted with a spatula. Afterwards, attention is focused on auditory perception.
Sometimes correction of the “T” sound in the interdental position is allowed. To do this, ask the preschooler to tap his tongue between his teeth and say “ta.” Over time, the tongue will retract itself behind the teeth.
For each group, staging techniques may be different. For example, it is advisable to insert back-lingual ones (“K”, “G”, “X” and soft pairs) with a special probe that will move the tongue deeper into the mouth.
Teaching a child to pronounce sounds
There are many different techniques for correct speech production of a baby. But many parents do not know how to teach their child to pronounce letters at home, and therefore immediately turn to speech therapists for help. Although this problem can often be solved at home. You just need to approach the organization of classes correctly. Parents should remember that they should not overload the baby; the duration of each lesson should not exceed 15 minutes. If the child shows reluctance to study, postpone the lessons for a while. By forcing a child to pronounce letters by force, you can forever discourage him from speaking correctly and learning in general.
Before each lesson, it is necessary to sit the child down, making sure that he sits upright. All distracting objects are removed, the TV is turned off. An excellent option would be to practice in front of a mirror so that the child can see not only the articulation of the adult sitting in front of him, but also his own.
Exercises for pronouncing sounds
Initially, it is recommended to prepare cards that will depict animals and objects that have problematic letters at the beginning, middle or end. You need to observe whether the pronunciation of a complex letter always turns out to be problematic, or in some positions.
1. To master the letter “C”, it is recommended to use the following exercises:
- “Rails” (when the tongue must “ride” along the inside of the upper teeth).
- “Silence” (repeat the sound “t-sss” several times, stretching the letter “S”).
To reinforce the letter, you need to choose pictures or words where the letter “C” is present: sleigh, sieve, belt, sun, light. You can use sentences: Sasha sows seeds or poems:
"It's dark in the forest,
Everyone has been sleeping for a long time.
One owl doesn't sleep
She’s sitting on a branch.”
2. The letter “Z” is a brother of “S”, only voiced. Therefore, to teach a child to pronounce the letter “Z”, you need to pronounce “s” only by raising your voice. Show your baby by raising your hand to his throat how the muscles tense, making ringing sounds. We fix the letter with words: hare, animal, tooth, star, as well as sentences: A bunny in winter is like a small animal.
3. The letter “C” can be mastered by resorting to the “Silence” exercise, only you need to pronounce not “t-sss”, but “ts-ts-ts”. We fix it with words: heron, chicken, chain, pizza, and sentences: What color is the bird?
4. You can pronounce the letter “Ш” using a little trick: ask the child to pronounce the letter “s”, and use a spoon to lift the baby’s tongue to the sky. The sound will be “sh”. The letter is fixed with the words: awl, whisper, ears, noise; sentences: Our Masha rustles; and also in verse:
“Dear bear, Nice bear, Our bear is all made of plush.”
5. The same trick can be done with the letters “z” and “z”. fix the letter “F” with the words: beetle, hedgehog, toad. And also in sentences: Zhanna is waiting for a book.
6. To master the letter “Ch” , ask your baby to say “t-t-t” while pressing the baby’s cheeks with your fingers. Then you will hear the cherished “h”. To reinforce the letter, ask your child to say the words: tea, turtle, daughter, ball; suggestions: Clean the siskin's bathtub.
7. The most common problem for parents is the problem of the letters “R” and “L”. Techniques and exercises for solving this problem are aimed at teaching the child to growl without swallowing complex letters and without replacing the complex “r” with the easier “l”:
“Horse” - together with your child, imitate the clicking and clattering of a horse’s hooves.
“Brush your teeth with your tongue” - ask your baby to smile widely. Then you need to run your tongue along the inner surface of the upper teeth. Make sure that the child's lower jaw remains motionless.
“Tease” - the child is invited to tease. To do this, the relaxed tongue sticks out and dangles up and down. The teasing is accompanied by a growl.
Special attention in teaching the letters “P” or “L” is paid to tongue twisters:
- The Greek was driving across the river, he saw the Greek: there was cancer in the river.
- There is grass in the yard, there is firewood on the grass: one, two, three there is firewood.
- The brave man ate thirty-three pies, all of them with cottage cheese.
- You can’t say all the tongue twisters quickly.
Production of sounds T - D when replaced with back-lingual K - Gplan summary on the topic
Production of sounds T - D when replaced with back-lingual K G
Our speech consists of sounds. A child must learn to correctly pronounce the sounds of his native language before school. In preschool age, the child’s pronunciation of sounds is observed incorrectly. This is a completely natural phenomenon. Three- to four-year-old children are characterized by a general immaturity of language. If you are not attentive to the child’s sound pronunciation, then such substitutions and distortions of sounds can remain for a long time.
For successful learning, a child needs intelligible and clear sound pronunciation. However, a large number of first-graders come to school with impaired or distorted sound pronunciation.
Experts note that recently a new type of dyslalia has appeared - incorrect pronunciation of sounds T - D. These anterior lingual sounds appear in ontogenesis at the age of 3 - 4 years.
When pronouncing these sounds, children make typical mistakes:
- Replacing the front-lingual sounds “T – D” with the corresponding back-lingual “K – G”, for example, “fuk(t)bolka”, “shk(t)ana”.
- Mixing the front-lingual consonants “T – D” with the back-lingual “K – G”: cell - cell; glass - rolled.
- The sound “T” can be softened by “P” or “K”, for example: pichka - bird; drink, drink instead of dot.
Reasons for incorrect sound pronunciation:
- Insufficient development of the articulatory apparatus.
- Violation of muscle tone of articulatory muscles.
- Underdevelopment of auditory perception (difficulty in differentiating sounds).
Articulatory structure of the T sound.
The sound T is front-lingual, consonant, hard, deaf. The sound D is anterior lingual, consonant, hard, voiced.
- The lips in a neutral position take the position of the next vowel sound,
- The distance between the teeth is 5 mm.
- When pronouncing the vowel sounds A, O, U, Y, the tip of the tongue rests on the upper teeth or alveoli and forms a stop.
- The soft palate is raised, the vocal folds are open, the air stream is jerky
Features of sound production T - D
The classic techniques of speech therapy work are the preparatory stage and sound production.
1.Preparatory stage
Articulation gymnastics.
Speech therapy massage will help prepare the speech apparatus for it.
- “Wide smile” – connect your teeth, stretch your lips wide and hold this position for up to 7 seconds
- “Naughty Tongue” - say five-five-five, tapping your upper lip on your tongue, gradually differentiating (distinguishing) the sounds P-T.
- “Pancake” - relax the tongue, making it wide, and place it on the relaxed lower lip.
- “Rock” - raise the tongue only to the upper lip. We increase the rise of the tongue.
- “Grandfather’s mustache” - hold the cotton swab with your tongue on (above) your upper lip.
- “Sail” - a narrow tongue rests on the upper teeth - mast, raise the sail - a wide tongue. Alternation of narrow and wide language.
Exercise to form correct directed exhalation
- Blow out the candle - the child must purse his lips into a tube and sharply blow on the candle flame and extinguish it.
- Let's kick the ball into the goal. The child makes a gate out of bricks, places it in front of him, rolls a ball out of cotton wool and, smiling, blows hard on the ball, trying to get into the gate.
- “Snowflake” - the cotton wool is placed over the upper lip, the tongue covers the upper lip - inhale and exhale on the cotton wool.
The breathing exercise “Snowflake”, exercises for the tongue “Grandfather’s mustache”, “Rock”, “Sail” are quite effective in cases where the child has increased muscle tone of the tongue, and he cannot hold it near the teeth when exhaling.
2. Setting the sound T.
- Demonstration of correct lip and tongue position by showing
distinctions in pronunciation, for example, T (tip of the tongue) and K (tail of the tongue): “The cake is being eaten,” “Drops are dripping.”
- Imitation setting: an adult shows the position of the tongue and suggests repeating first the syllables and then the words.
- Interdental. The speech therapist asks the child to smile, bite the tip of his tongue with his teeth, and forcefully, sharply push the air forward. In this case, you can control the exhalation with your hand or blow on a cotton ball.
- Setting T from the sound P. The child repeats pa-pa-pa, placing the wide tip of the tongue on the lower lip, then, smiling broadly, pronounces P, which turns out to be T.
- Setting from Ts. I propose this technique from the opposite: the sound Ts “hides” two sounds behind itself - s-t.
“The cat catches the mouse” - we invite the child to imitate the movement of the cat’s claws with his fingers, straining his fingers and saying: tsap, tsap, tsap.
Then we shorten the syllable - tsa, tsa, tsa.
And here we are near the mink - we say Ts, Ts, Ts more and more quietly. Here you need to ask the child to only hit the teeth with the tongue - the T sound, do not pronounce the C sound.
- When setting D, the work is identical, only when exhaling the voice is added.
Automation of sounds T D
The sound is on. The beginning of a new stage: automation. All work on automation and differentiation of the studied sound consists of developing the skills of recognition and correct pronunciation of sound in syllables, words and sentences. It is important to achieve free pronunciation, while not forgetting about articulatory gymnastics.
The correct selection of articulatory and breathing exercises, exercises, and verbal material will help to obtain good results in the development of competent, beautiful speech in a child.
This is a long, labor-intensive process that requires patience and hard training. With systematic and regular work on the sounds T and D, it is possible to achieve positive results, i.e. create sounds, automate them and introduce them into the child’s speech.
Secrets to help quickly teach your child to pronounce letters
In addition to direct exercises with the child’s speech muscles and exercises to teach complex letters, it is necessary to pay attention to the development of fine motor skills. Together with your child, sort out the cereals, string beads on a string, and sculpt them from plasticine or dough. And most importantly: while working, do not be silent. Tell your child fairy tales, nursery rhymes or tongue twisters.
Another secret is to teach your child to repeat the letter “D” often. By pronouncing this magic letter, the muscles of the tongue are trained, it is positioned correctly in the mouth, and with constant training, the child will learn to pronounce the complex letter “r”.
Sound D
The letter D is expressed with the sounds [d] and [d`]. If the letter is at the end of a word or is followed by a voiceless consonant, then D is deafened. In this case, we hear [t] and [t`]: “genus”, “smooth surface”.
The sound D is a consonant, a stop. This is a lingual-dental sound, an explosive instantaneous, sonorous oral sound.
When a sound is pronounced in isolation, the lips are in an open position.
The incisors are slightly apart, the tongue is tense.
First, a small closure is formed between the tip of the tongue and the upper incisors, with the sides of the tongue in contact with the upper molars.
Next, the bow seems to explode, and the air stream comes out.
The soft palate is elevated. The ligaments are closed; at the moment of closure they vibrate slightly.
The position of the lips, the work of the tongue and the edges of the incisors are visible.
The stream of air is felt in the form of a jerky movement, the larynx vibrates.
