Games and aids for the development of air flow. | Presentation for a lesson on speech development (senior, preparatory group):

Air jet formation

Category: Teacher-speech therapist Golubeva O.V. Published: 01/05/2014

The formation of an air stream in the process of overcoming sound pronunciation disorders is the main direction of speech therapy correction, without which it is impossible to achieve the desired result.

The main purpose of the breathing apparatus is to carry out gas exchange, that is, the delivery of oxygen to the body tissues and the removal of carbon dioxide from them. And this exchange occurs thanks to the periodic renewal of air in the lungs, which occurs during the alternating alternation of respiratory phases - inhalation and exhalation.

There are three main types of breathing:

clavicular
costal (thoracic)
diaphragmatic (abdominal)

During clavicular breathing, the shoulder girdle and upper ribs rise, and predominantly the upper part of the chest expands.

With rib (chest) the chest expands forward and to the sides.

In diaphragmatic breathing - the diaphragm lowers and mainly the lower part of the chest increases; the abdominal wall protrudes.

Pure types of breathing are not actually observed. In any type of breathing, the diaphragm is active to a greater or lesser extent. Therefore, practically we can only talk about predominantly key, predominantly abdominal, or clavicular breathing.

Types of breathing depend on gender, age, profession.

Thus, in women the thoracic type of breathing is more often observed, in men - the abdominal type, in manual workers the abdominal type of breathing prevails, in persons engaged in clerical and generally sedentary work - the thoracic type.

Children usually have a mixed type of breathing, that is, an average between abdominal and thoracic.

With deep or full breathing, three types of breathing are combined - clavicular, thoracic, abdominal.

Within 1 minute, 16-20 complete respiratory movements (inhalations and exhalations) occur. The duration of inhalation is almost equal to the duration of exhalation (the ratio of inhalation time to exhalation time is approximately 1: 1.25).

This is physiological breathing necessary for life.

But in order for a child to start speaking, he must master a special type of breathing - speech breathing. This term refers to a person’s ability, in the process of speaking, to take a sufficiently deep breath in a timely manner and rationally expend air when exhaling. Speech breathing is the basis of sounding speech, the source of the formation of sounds and voices. It ensures normal voice production, helps to correctly observe pauses, maintain fluency of speech, change volume, and use speech melody.

The development of speech breathing in a child begins at the age of 6 months, with the preparation of the respiratory system for the implementation of vocal reactions, and is completed by the age of 10 years.

The formation of speech breathing involves, among other things, the production of an air stream. The production of an air stream is considered one of the necessary and significant conditions for producing sounds. Work on the education of an air stream begins at the preparatory stage of the formation of correct sound pronunciation, along with the development of phonemic hearing and articulatory motor skills.

It is known that sounds are pronounced during the exhalation phase. As a rule, stop plosives and stop - fricative consonants are pronounced briefly, the air stream is weak. Sonorant sounds and fricatives require a strong, long-lasting air stream.

The pronunciation of most sounds of late ontogenesis requires a directed air stream. Let's look at the example of the characteristics of an air stream necessary when pronouncing hissing and whistling sounds.

Hissing	Whistling
Wide (when pronouncing hissing sounds)	Narrow (when making whistling sounds)
Warm (when making hissing sounds)	Cold (when making whistling sounds)
Weak	Strong
Absent-minded	Directed

There are three main directions of air flow:

the air stream is directed directly at the center of the tongue. This is typical for most sounds; labiolabial (V, V, F, F, posterior lingual (K, K. G, G. X, X, anterior lingual (T, T, D, D, sibilant (S, S, Z, Z, C))
the air stream is directed upward along the center of the tongue. This is typical for the pronunciation of hissing sounds (Ш, Ж, ШЧ, Ш) and vibrants (Р, Р).
the air stream is directed along the lateral edges of the tongue. This is typical for the pronunciation of stop-passive (L, L) sounds.

In accordance with the listed directions of passage of the air stream in the oral cavity, the following exercises are used in speech therapy work:

“Blow the snowflakes off the slide.” (use pieces of cotton wool or foam balls) “Punish the naughty tongue.” "Groove".
"Tricks".
“A hunter is walking through the swamp”

The production of an air stream can be carried out before articulatory gymnastics or simultaneously with articulatory gymnastics. Since the cheeks, lips, and tongue take an active part in the formation of the air stream.

Articulation exercises performed while exhaling:

"Turkey poults." As you exhale, pronounce “Bl-bl-bl.”
“Punish the naughty tongue.” As you exhale, pronounce “Five-five-five.”
“Machine gun” As you exhale, pronounce “T-t-t.”
"Motor". As you exhale, pronounce “R-r-r.”
“Bug” As you exhale, pronounce “Zh-zh-zh.”

In the system of speech therapy work on air flow education, the following main directions can be distinguished:

Blowing with closed lips.
Blowing through lips extended with a tube.
Pouting through lips stretched into a smile.
Blowing on the tongue.

Let's take a closer look at each direction.

Blowing with closed lips. To strengthen the cheek muscles, the following exercises can be considered preparatory:
“Rolling the balls” The cheeks are inflated one by one.
"Skinny ones." Retract your cheeks with your lips closed and your mouth slightly open.
“Blowing through lips extended with a tube.” Tension of the orbicularis oris muscle.
Blowing through lips extended with a tube.
Blow away any soft object (cotton ball, paper snowflake, etc.) from the palm of your hand raised to your mouth.
Blow on a piece of cotton wool tied to threads. You can blow upward on the dandelion fluffs and try to keep them in the air longer.
Blowing on a sailboat, napkin, sheet, weather vane, etc.
Blow on a pencil lying on the table so that it rolls (on hexagons)
Blowing out a candle.
Inflating balloons and rubber toys.
Blowing soap bubbles.
Blowing using whistles. Horns, pipes, harmonica.
Races on the water with paper boats and celluloid toys, for example, blowing up “fish”.
Children are asked to take turns blowing on light toys placed in a basin of water.
Blow hard on the water until it splashes.
You can stretch the threads horizontally and tie light paper birds, butterflies, and dragonflies to the vertically hanging threads.
Blowing is the rolling of light wooden or celluloid balls along a groove.
Pouting through lips stretched into a smile.
Form a narrow gap between the lips, stretched together in a slight smile. The child is asked to place the wide tip of his tongue between his lips. Blow on the tip of your tongue.
Form a narrow gap between the lips, stretched together in a slight smile. “Slap” your tongue with your lips, making the sounds of five-five-five as you exhale.
Blowing on the tongue.
Holding your tongue wide behind your upper teeth, you need to blow on its tip. Instructions: “Smile. Show your teeth. Keep your tongue wide at the top. Can you feel the breeze? Blow like that again. Feel how I blow! »You can use a mirror so that the child can see the position of his tongue.
Place your wide tongue on your lower lip. Fold the edges of the tongue so that a groove is formed. It's easy to blow through the groove.
“Blow the snowflakes off the slide” Smile. Show your teeth. Open your mouth slightly. Hold the tip of your tongue behind your lower teeth. Lift your tongue up. Blow on your tongue.

In the process of corrective work on the formation of an air stream, it is important to adhere to the following methodological recommendations.

Exercises are carried out in a well-ventilated area.
It is better to perform the exercises while standing, with the body in a free position in space. The chest is straightened. Watch your posture.
Attention is drawn to ensuring that the child inhales deeply and calmly through the nose. Exhalation through the mouth should be light, smooth, without tension.
Monitor the accuracy of the direction of the air stream.
The duration of the exercises (from 30 seconds to 1.5 minutes). Hyperventilation of the lungs leads to an abundant supply of oxygen to the cerebral cortex, which can result in dizziness.
Dosage of quantity and pace of exercises. Intensive blowing should be carried out no more than 5 times at a time, for several seconds.
You can't puff out your cheeks.
Do not hold in the exhaled air. You can hold your cheeks with your hands to use tactile control.
In the initial stages, you can use a mirror to attract visual control.
Control of the exhaled stream of air is carried out using a cotton swab brought to the child’s mouth: if the exercise is performed correctly. The fleece will deviate.
Exercises can be performed counting.

We wish you success!

Teacher-speech therapist Olga Viktorovna Golubeva MADOU “Kindergarten” p. Dog

www.Logopedy.ru

Author: Zakharova Yulia Alexandrovna

teacher-speech therapist MADOU "Kindergarten "141"

Aircraft construction district of Kazan.

Original: .

Parameters of correct oral exhalation:

- exhalation is preceded by a strong inhalation through the nose - “we take a full chest of air”; - exhalation occurs smoothly, slowly, evenly, and not in jerks; — during exhalation, the lips form a tube; you should not compress your lips;

- do not puff out your cheeks!!!; — during exhalation, air exits through the mouth; air should not be allowed to exit through the nose. - you should exhale until the air runs out;

Ask the child to blow through the lips extended in a tube - Without puffing out the cheeks, blow through the lips brought together and slightly pushed forward, forming a round “window” in the middle.

• Blow away any soft object (cotton ball, paper snowflake, etc.) from the palm of your hand brought to your mouth. Blow on pieces of cotton wool tied on a thread.

• Blow on a pencil lying on the table so that it rolls.

• Blowing soap bubbles.

• Blowing using whistles, horns, pipes, harmonica.

• Races on water with paper boats and celluloid toys, for example, blowing up “fish”. Children are asked to take turns blowing on light toys placed in a basin of water.

• Blow into the water through a straw to make the water in the glass “boil.”

When playing games aimed at developing a child's breathing, it is necessary to keep in mind that breathing exercises quickly tire the child and can even cause dizziness. Therefore, such games must be limited in time (you can use an hourglass) and be sure to alternate with other exercises.

Parameters of correct oral exhalation:

- do not puff out your cheeks!!!; — during exhalation, air exits through the mouth; air should not be allowed to exit through the nose. - you should exhale until the air runs out;

• Blow away any soft object (cotton ball, paper snowflake, etc.) from the palm of your hand brought to your mouth. Blow on pieces of cotton wool tied on a thread.

• Blow on a pencil lying on the table so that it rolls.

• Blowing soap bubbles.

• Blowing using whistles, horns, pipes, harmonica.

• Races on water with paper boats and celluloid toys, for example, blowing up “fish”. Children are asked to take turns blowing on light toys placed in a basin of water.

• Blow into the water through a straw to make the water in the glass “boil.”

Social commentary Cackle

Breathing exercises and games

One of the main areas in speech therapy is the correction of sound pronunciation. It takes place in four main stages:

1. Articulation massage.

2. Articulation gymnastics and breathing exercises.

3. Sound production.

4. Automation of sound in speech.

Breathing exercises are needed to strengthen the air stream, develop the focus of the air stream (blow with your lips or on the tongue), and develop the duration of the air stream.

First, we learn to simply blow, then we try to explain to the child that he should only blow through his lips, without puffing out his cheeks. You need to learn to blow on your tongue with a cold stream to produce hissing (sh, zh, shch, h) and whistling (s, z) sounds.

Breathing exercises increase ventilation of the lungs, so games should be played in a clean, ventilated room. Make sure your child doesn't get dizzy. As soon as you feel dizzy, take a break, gradually increasing the duration day by day.

Games to develop the power of the air stream:

1. Blow out the candle. In the garden I use a safe option with an electronic candle that lights up and goes out when you blow on it.

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=NEKxPipoK3U (video with an electronic candle)

2. Blow on a dandelion.

3. Inflate the balloon.

4. Blow through a straw into the soap solution

5. Blow the ball out of the cup.

6. You can smear the ball with paint and draw with it, blowing from a straw

7. Blow the paper off the straw

8. Games with whistles, which are sold in birthday sets:

Games to develop the duration of the air stream

1. Blow on the turntable. The longer you blow, the longer it spins.

how to do it: https://astersoft.net/kak-sdelat-vertushku-poshagovaja-instruktsija

2. Blow on soap bubbles. The longer you blow, the more bubbles there are. The force here must be controlled, since if you blow hard, the bubbles will burst and will not fly away.

3. Blow a gum bubble

4. Blow on the following structure:

5. Wind musical instruments: pipes, whistles, harmonicas and their analogues

Games to develop the focus of the air stream.

1. Kick a goal into the goal. I was lucky to see the magazine “Gol” in Auchan, where the appendix included feet on toes, a small football goal and a ball the size of a ping-pong ball. But you can always replace the ball with a cotton or paper version. The gates should be conditional.

2. Ships.

3. Magician. We put a piece of cotton wool or a piece of paper on the tip of the nose, open our mouth a little, stick out our tongue, lift its tip up, trying to give it the shape of a cup and blow! The piece of paper or cotton wool should fly up.

4. Racing

In the picture there are children with a straw, in our case we blow without a straw.

Teacher-speech therapist and defectologist, Belozerova Anastasia.

Card file of games for the development of breathing card file on speech therapy (senior group) on the topic

BREATHING GAMES

Game "Let's blow into a tube"

Task: to train a long-lasting air stream directed in the middle of the tongue.

Description. Take a deep breath through your nose, hold your breath, stretch your lips into a tube, stick your tongue between them, roll it up and blow into the resulting tube.

At first, you can blow on a curtain opposite, or on a narrow strip of paper attached to something and located in the direction of the air stream. It is necessary to ensure that the child exhales smoothly, for a long time, without puffing out his cheeks.

Game "Colorful leaves"

Task: to develop a smooth, long, directed exhalation.

Equipment: small stick, multi-colored dry leaves from different trees.

Description. At the level of the child's mouth, dry leaves of various shapes are suspended on threads. The child examines them, names them, determines the color, then slowly draws air through his nose (make sure that his shoulders do not rise) and blows on the leaves through a tube from his lips, without puffing out his cheeks.

Game "Guess what kind of vegetable"

Task: to train to take deep breaths through the nose, to teach the discrimination of smells.

Equipment: a dish with vegetables that have a distinct, special smell: onion, garlic, cucumber, dill.

Description. Recommended for children over 4 years old. The child examines, names vegetables, smells and remembers their smells.

To get a richer smell, an adult makes an incision on the vegetable; the dill can be crushed in your hands.

Then the child, blindfolded, must smell and recognize the vegetable offered to him by its smell. The adult makes sure that the inhalation is slow, smooth, deep, without raising the shoulders.

Game "Guess what kind of fruit"

Task: to train to take deep breaths through the nose, to teach them to distinguish smells.

Equipment: a vase with fruits that have a bright, special smell: orange, lemon, apple, pear.

Description. Recommended for children over 4 years old. An adult makes cuts on the fruit. The child examines, names, smells them, then, blindfolded, tries to identify the fruit offered to him by the smell.

Game "Pleasant Smell"

Task: to train the correct, deep breath through the nose, to teach to distinguish familiar smells.

Equipment: a vase containing peeled lemons, oranges, chocolate slices, and a fir branch.

Description. Recommended for children 3 years old. Children approach the vase, smell it and exhale saying: “How delicious!”, “It smells so good!”, “What a pleasant smell!”

Game "Focus"

Task: practice a long-lasting air stream directed in the middle of the tongue.

Description. The lips are in a smile, the lower lip is pulled down, the wide tongue is pressed tightly to the upper lip. Take a deep breath through your nose and, with your tongue in this position, blow on the cotton wool lying on the tip of your nose so that it flies vertically upward.

Make sure that you exhale onto your tongue and not onto your upper lip.

If the child copes well with this task, you can make it more difficult: gradually move the cotton wool along the back of the nose towards the forehead and try to blow it off in the same way.

Game “Blow cotton wool into the gate”

Task: to develop the ability to purposefully change the force of exhalation.

Equipment: cubes, construction set or other building material, small piece of cotton wool.

Description. An adult and a child build wide “gates” from cubes or other building material and place a small piece of cotton wool in front of them. The child, leaning forward slightly so that the air gets under the cotton wool, must blow on it with a long, smooth exhalation and get it into the “gate”. For this purpose, if necessary, you can change the direction and strength of the air stream. If the child copes well with this task, you can make it slightly more difficult by gradually making the “gate” narrow.

Game “Who will blow the cotton wool into the gate next”

Task: to train a smooth, continuous air stream, changing its direction if necessary.

Equipment: cubes, construction set or other building material, small piece of cotton wool.

Description. The game is played as a competition if the children do well in the previous exercise. On a flat surface, build two wide “gates” from cubes or other building material and place a small cotton ball at the same distance.

The players take a certain position: their lips are in a smile, the wide tongue is raised to the upper lip. Next, as if pronouncing the sound [f], the child tries to blow the cotton wool into the “gate” as far as possible. Violation of the position of the speech organs is not allowed: puffing out the cheeks, exhaling only onto the lips, pronouncing the sound [f] instead of [x].

Game "Storm in a Teacup"

Objective: develop a strong, targeted exhalation.

Equipment: glass of water, straw.

Description. A straw is placed into a glass of water. The child should take a deep breath through his nose, stretch out his lips with a straw and blow strongly into the straw so that the water begins to bubble in the glass. In this case, the cheeks should not swell, and you should not take an additional breath.

Game "Let's Honk!"

Task: train long, targeted exhalation.

Equipment: any small glass vials with a neck diameter of about 1 cm.

Description. An adult shows a child how to make a buzz using a glass bubble. To do this, the tip of the tongue should touch the neck of the bubble, and the bubble itself should touch the chin.

Next, you need to take a deep breath through your nose and then exhale strongly and for a long time onto your tongue in this position. Then the child tries to hum on his own.

Game "Boats"

Objective: to teach children to change the strength and direction of exhalation, to strengthen the muscles of the lips.

Equipment: basin with water, paper or light wooden (plastic) boats, small flag.

Description. The child (or children) sits near a basin of water in which boats float. The adult offers to take a trip to another “city”, indicated by a flag on the other edge of the pelvis. To do this, the child must gently blow on the boat, trying to bring it to the other side of the pelvis in the place where the flag is. If necessary, you can change the direction and force of exhalation, but maintain a certain position of the speech organs: lips are stretched, as for the sound [f] - for a smooth exhalation, extended like a tube - for a strong exhalation.

Game "Fly, airplane!"

Task: to develop a long, targeted exhalation, to strengthen the muscles of the lips.

Equipment: paper airplanes made together with the child.

Description. The game is played as a competition, in pairs. The airplanes are placed on the edge of the table. The players sit opposite them. At a signal from an adult, they must, with one exhalation, without taking an additional inhalation, move their airplane as far as possible along the table.

Game "Inflate the toy"

Task: to develop a strong, long, continuous exhalation.

Equipment: loose balloons or small inflatable toys.

Description. The child must inflate the balloon or toy, exhaling air smoothly and for a long time into the hole. Inhalation is carried out through the nose and lips with a tube.

Game "Birds (Butterflies)"

Objective: strengthen the lip muscles, develop a directed air stream.

Equipment: figurines of birds or butterflies, carved and brightly painted.

Description. “Birds” (“butterflies”) are planted on the edge of the table. Two players compete to see who can move their piece as far as possible along the table surface. Before starting the game, take one deep breath through your nose; you are not allowed to take an additional breath. Instead of the table surface, the figures can “fly” on strings, also with the help of a strong, directed exhalation.

Game "Spinner"

Task: to develop exhalation, strengthen the muscles of the lips.

Equipment: first a paper, then a plastic pinwheel.

Description. The child takes a deep breath through his nose, then exhales forcefully onto the moving parts of the toy to set them in motion. First, the child is offered a paper pinwheel, since it requires less effort, then a plastic one.

Game “Fly, Dandelion!”

Objective: to develop a long continuous air stream, strengthen the lip muscles.

Description. The child picks a dandelion, takes a deep breath through his nose and tries to blow away all its fluff with one strong, continuous exhalation. Intermittent exhalation of air or additional inhalation and exhalation are not allowed.

Game "Make a Wish"

Task: to develop a strong, directed exhalation, strengthen the muscles of the lips.

Equipment: sand set, small cake candles.

Description. An adult invites the child to prepare for his birthday or New Year and practice blowing out candles. The child himself makes “Kulichiki” (“cakes”) from sand, into which candles are then stuck in accordance with the child’s age.

Next, the child takes a deep breath and, with one strong, long exhalation, tries to blow out all the burning candles. At the same time, if the child wishes, he can make a wish to himself.

Game "Object trick"

Task: to train the strength and direction of exhalation.

Equipment: any flat surface (floor, table, etc.), light wooden or plastic objects (pen, pencil, spool, bead, etc.)

Description. The adult places any light object on the table, and the child takes a deep breath through his nose and blows strongly and for a long time on it. The object should roll away from the starting point in the direction of the air stream.

Game “Inflate, balloon!”

Task: to develop a long, smooth exhalation, to automate the sounds [s], [sh].

Description. Children stand close to each other in a small circle. Then they repeat the words after the adult: “Inflate, our balloon, inflate big, but don’t burst!” and move back, forming a large circle.

At the adult’s signal, “The ball has burst,” the children again narrow the circle and make the sound [s] or [sh] (depending on the children’s abilities), depicting the air coming out of the ball.

Game "Who takes longer?"

Objective: to develop speech breathing and voice strength.

Description. The game is played as a competition in pairs. Children stand facing each other.

At a signal from an adult, they simultaneously take a deep breath through their nose and begin to sing a certain vowel sound (A, O, U, Y, I) for a long time on one note. The one who lasts the sound longer without taking an additional breath is considered the winner.

Game "Blizzard Howls"

Task: to develop speech breathing, voice strength, and the ability to change it at the right time.

Equipment: plot picture “Blizzard”, audio recording of a blizzard at the beginning, at its height, at the end.

Description. An adult shows the children a picture, explaining what a blizzard is (this is a strong wind with snow), and lets them listen to the sound of a blizzard, when it begins, when it is strongest and when it subsides.

Then, at the adult’s signal, “The blizzard is beginning,” they quietly imitate its sound: ooh, “Strong blizzard,” change the strength of their voice to loud (but not scream), “The blizzard subsides,” again change the strength of their voice to quiet, “Blizzard passed” - they fall silent.

Before starting the game, children take a deep breath through their nose. The air taken should be enough for them to say “The blizzard has passed.”

Game "Ladder"

Objective: to train speech breathing, duration and smoothness of the voice, and the ability to change its timbre.

Description. The child takes a deep breath through his nose and, as he exhales, begins to smoothly, for a long time, stretch out any vowel sound, starting with a high tone of voice and gradually changing it to low and vice versa - from low to high.

Before the game starts, the adult shows the child how to do this and explains that the voice seems to go down and up the stairs.