The concept of mixed rhinolalia. Features of speech in mixed rhinolalia.
To overcome organic closed rhinolalia, it is first of all necessary to surgically eliminate the causes that impede the access of air to the nasal cavity. As a rule, with the elimination of these causes, nasal breathing normalizes and the defect disappears. If speech improvement does not occur, then after the operation a course of speech therapy training is carried out, including the following areas:
- activation of the muscles of the soft palate and posterior pharyngeal wall. Exercises similar to those used in the correction of open rhinolalia are used;
- differentiation
How to understand that a child has dysgraphia?
There are many diagnostics, for example, which include analysis of written work, examination of oral, as well as written speech.
Let us give an example of one of the methods, a study of impaired written speech in students (Sadovnikova I.N., Ippolitova A.G., Repina Z.A., Ermakova I.I.)
After diagnosis, correctional work is drawn up and carried out to overcome dysgraphia, this means eliminating violations of sound pronunciation, as well as the development of phonemic processes, grammar, coherent speech, as well as vocabulary.
Now let's look at the causes of dysgraphia; mastering the technique of writing is in a very close relationship with the degree of formation of all aspects of oral speech such as: sound pronunciation, phonemic perception, lexical-grammatical aspects of speech, connected speech. It follows that the development of this disorder may be based on the same functional and organic reasons that cause dyslalia, alalia, dysarthria, aphasia, and delayed psycho-speech development.
Underdevelopment or damage to the brain, in various periods, can lead to the subsequent appearance of dysgraphia.
Prenatal, natal, postnatal periods: pathology of pregnancy, birth injuries, asphyxia, meningitis and encephalitis, infections and severe somatic diseases that cause depletion of the child’s nervous system. And also socio-psychological factors, for example, bilingualism in the family, incorrect and unclear speech in society, or even a lack of any speech contacts, which can also be caused by the inattention of adults to the child’s speech, or, on the contrary, very early learning literacy in the absence of his psychological readiness.[8].
Children with mental retardation, as well as various speech disorders, and children with a constitutional predisposition constitute a risk group for the development of dysgraphia.
In adults, this disease most often develops after neurosurgery, a brain tumor, or a traumatic brain injury.
In what cases should treatment be prescribed?
The main diagnosis that becomes the reason for this operation is varicose veins of the saphenous veins.
And it doesn’t matter whether it’s a small or a large vein. True, there is one prescription: laser correction is applied only if they are dilated by more than one centimeter
At the same time, the movement of the vessels themselves is smooth, without unnecessary bends. And the branches are healthy or expanded quite a bit.
This suggests that this treatment method is effective only at the initial stage of development of the disease. And if we are talking about saphenous veins.
But when the disease is advanced, or the expansion has formed by more than one centimeter, laser therapy does not guarantee that in the future the vein will not “unstick” again and the problem will not recur.
In other cases, the veins need to be removed using another treatment method.
Many experts believe that varicose veins are most effectively treated with a laser. This method is based on the use of the thermal effect. It is used for coagulation of blood vessels. In simple words, the light guide, which is inserted into the vessels, emits a certain flow of energy.
This is the process that occurs during surgery. The radiation that comes from the laser is absorbed by hemoglobin, which is present in the blood. Perhaps this is only under the influence of the heat generated, which heats the blood cells and the walls of the vessels themselves. As a result of this, the blood seems to be “squeezed out” from the vessel, and the latter simply sticks together. It also leads to a complete cessation of blood flow. Venous outflow, as a result of such intervention, occurs through other veins that are not affected by varicose veins.
To avoid complications, you must first consult with your doctor and undergo a full examination. And only after that begin this procedure.
Correction
Even if surgery is not required, a speech therapist and speech pathologist will constantly work with the child
It is important to achieve correct articulation and production of sounds. This can be done with massage, special exercises, games.
Eliminating rhinolalia with massage and exercises
Speech therapy massage helps restore the muscles of the tongue and lips. The specialist gently massages the child's palate. In this case, the baby should not feel discomfort.
The cheeks and nasolabial folds are also massaged.
All exercises should be done in the form of a game. The speech therapist suggests:
- breathing exercises;
- inflating balloons;
- blowing out candles;
- tongue gymnastics.
It is important that the specialist interests the child. Monotonous exercises will be uninteresting to him, treatment will be ineffective
Articulation exercises
Exercises for rhinolalia can be as follows:
- Lick your lips in a circular motion.
- Open your mouth and try to reach the tip of your nose with your tongue.
- Use your tongue to touch the inside of your cheek.
All of them are aimed at strengthening the muscles of the tongue, which after rhinolalia are very weak and undeveloped.
In each case, the speech therapist selects individual programs for correcting the child’s speech apparatus. The parents’ task is to follow the specialist’s advice and work with the baby.
