Why does a child miss letters when writing and what to do?

The teacher again and again makes the remark that the child is inattentive and recommends writing more from dictation at home. Responsible parents try to help their student. But ridiculous mistakes are repeated again and again, and instead of success in improving written speech, the child gets tears from failures, a negative attitude towards writing, problems with the child’s self-esteem and loss of motivation for the writing process.

Most often, this problem fully manifests itself when the child enters 2nd grade. Although mistakes can be noticed already in the last quarter of the first grade. When children, having learned the basics of writing, move on to exercises that require greater writing speed.

Unfortunately, school speech therapists often do not use a neuropsychological approach to the analysis of learning difficulties at school. And they do not diagnose “dysgraphia” for such difficulties. This means that the child does not receive proper help and the problem develops into dysphoria.

And in recent years, such difficulties have become more and more common in children who generally do not have problems with the development of mental functions, in children with a high level of intelligence. For example, parents are faced with the fact that the child “cannot concentrate on completing a task,” “counts crows in class,” or “finds out words when reading.”

And instead of helping the child overcome such difficulties, teachers and speech therapists advise parents to write more, read more, educate better, and be stricter about doing homework.

What causes missing letters in a letter?

• speech therapy reason - difficulties with pronunciation and perception of certain sounds;
• poor concentration;
• undeveloped self-control skill;
• poor vocabulary;
• low performance

Speech therapy reason

If a child does not pronounce some sounds, then I, of course, highly recommend seeking help from a speech therapist. But, in addition to the exercises recommended by a specialist, parents can provide invaluable help to their child if they perform the following types of tasks in the form of a game:

• isolating the first or last sound from a word;
• the presence (is, is not) of a given sound in a word;
• determining the place of a sound (beginning, middle, end) in a word;
• inventing words with a given sound;
• inventing words with a given sound in a given place (at the beginning of the word, middle, end);
• composing chains of words, naming the word based on the last sound of the spoken word;
• transforming words by replacing, rearranging or adding new sounds (lac-bow, rose-thunderstorm, saw-linden);
• counting sounds in a word. You tell the child a word and ask him to say how many sounds it contains. And it’s better if you know the phonetic analysis of a word, then how many letters and sounds are in the word.

Poor concentration

The development of a child’s attention in preschool and primary school age needs to be constantly addressed. There are many different techniques for this:

• Invite your child to copy down non-existent words without errors;
• cross out or underline the specified letter or letters in the text (2-4);
• write small dictations where the child writes only vowels or only consonants;
• write visual dictations;
• divide written texts into separate words;
• write a given letter in block letters, etc.

You can also use various games to develop attention.

Undeveloped self-control skills

The following exercise will help you assess what needs to be developed more in your baby, attention or self-control skills.

Writing words or sentences with your eyes closed.

1. Prepare a landscape sheet. Dictate 5-6 words of 4-8 letters to your child. You can dictate 3 sentences of 4-5 words each.
2. Take another sheet and do the same, but this time let the child write with his eyes closed.

The writing speed will be slow. This is fine.

There is no need to evaluate the evenness of a line, the space between words, the break of a word, or the partial overlap of letters on each other. Ignore spelling errors due to ignorance of any rules.

Self-control is weak if the number of errors is greater than in similar sentences written under dictation with open eyes.

Teach your child to slowly reread what he has written each time. Read not the way the sound of this word remains in his memory, but exactly the way it is written. If this is cheating, then it is mandatory to compare the written words with the original recording.

Poor vocabulary

If a child hears a word for the first time, the likelihood of spelling it incorrectly increases several times. Therefore, tell your child as much as possible, read with him, develop the baby’s speech, his curiosity, constantly communicate with your child as much as possible.

Many children, unfortunately, entering first grade do not have basic knowledge about themselves and the world around them. And this, of course, is primarily the fault of the parents. It is more difficult for such children to study; they experience discomfort watching their more erudite classmates. I advise you to familiarize yourself with what a child should know by first grade.

Low performance

We are all different. Also, naturally, some children are diligent, and some are not at all. But you can always find a way to motivate a child, explain to him and convince him of the need for this or that action. Be sure to create a situation of success for your children. And, of course, exclude all distractions: conversations, extraneous noise, TV, etc. And we remember that the performance of a child differs from the performance of an adult. This quality develops over time.

Special exercises in the form of exciting games
help the child, and even completely solve this problem

Why does dysgraphia occur in adults?

The impetus for the development of written language disorders in adults can be many external and internal factors. Having a negative impact on the functioning of brain structures, such factors cause dysgraphia and other mental dysfunctions.

Among the main reasons causing problems with correct writing in adults, experts identify:

• head injuries;
• neurosurgical operations;
• proliferation of brain tumors;
• infectious brain damage (meningococcal infections);
• inflammatory processes affecting the brain (meningitis);
• strokes;
• trauma during childbirth;
• appropriate social conditions;
• insufficient blood oxygen saturation (asphyxia).

How to teach a left-handed child to write?

How to teach left-handed writing
There are special writing rules for left-handed people:

• The notebook should lie on the table tilted to the right, the lower right corner of the page should be at the level of the middle of the chest

• It is necessary that the elbow of the left hand protrudes slightly beyond the edge of the table, the left hand moves freely along the page from top to bottom, and the right hand lies on the table and holds the page. In the classroom, a left-handed child should sit to the left of his neighbor

• Write letters by element, for example, first an oval, then an inclined line, a hook. In the intervals between writing elements, the child will be able to relax his hand and rest

• Don't rush your child. At the initial stage of developing writing skills, a left-handed person writes at a speed of 4-6 characters per minute. Gradually the skills will become automatic and the writing speed will increase

• If a left-handed child writes slowly, bring this to the teacher's attention. Let him be given a little less tasks. This will be fair, since it is harder for a left-handed child. Agree, it’s better to write one line, but with high quality, than to write a lot, but at random

• It can be difficult for a left-handed child to navigate the line: at first, mark the left margin with a red pencil, and the right one with a blue pencil. Do this until the child stops confusing the direction and learns to write from left to right

What to do if your child’s handwriting is unreadable?

Alas. Ugly handwriting is indeed the reason why many children fail academically. At first, in elementary school, grades are lowered because the handwriting is ugly. Then the child loses motivation to study because his handwriting cannot be changed. In addition, a child who writes poorly often writes more slowly than other children because his hand gets tired faster. As a result, he does not have time to write everything on the tests and receives low grades. And in high school he doesn’t have time to write notes; due to illegible handwriting, he gets low grades, since the teacher cannot always decipher what is written. As a result, even the smartest child can turn into a poor student because of his handwriting.

Learning to write at school and, accordingly, at home, since parents do everything on the teacher’s recommendation, is the most tedious and difficult task for any student. It is not always possible for a teacher to quickly find an individual approach to all students, and therefore only a few are able to write beautifully - about 5 people per class. These children, as a rule, draw beautifully. But for most, this science is given with great difficulty and it is not a fact that they will be taught to write beautifully at school, although this can be done if you know the technique of writing with secrets. And also understand by the mistakes that your child makes what exactly prevents him from writing beautifully.

I invite everyone to join the experiment right now. Take your child's notebook and see what calligraphy mistakes he makes.

What specifically should you pay attention to?:

1. Pay attention to how your child writes the letters: “n”, “i”, “k”, “p”. If they are so similar that they cannot be distinguished, this is a significant error.
2. The problem of writing style: if the letters “dance” above and below the line; the letters are different in height, width and slope, i.e. non-compliance with calligraphy standards.
3. Sloppiness, dirt in the margins, the child goes into the margins or onto another page when writing, and adds extra elements to letters like “w” or “m,” i.e. non-compliance with work design standards.

How to teach a child to write capital letters correctly?

• The first stage is preparing your hand for writing. Exercises to develop fine motor skills, modeling, drawing, and origami will help with this. A great hand exercise is to be able to make a ball with one hand by crumpling up a newspaper page. You can arrange a competition between children or make newspaper balls against the clock

• The second stage is shading and coloring. At the same time, make sure that the child grasps the writing instrument (pen or pencil) correctly.

• The third stage - work in copybooks, writing dots, straight and oblique lines, hooks, ovals

• The fourth stage is writing capital letters. At first, the letter is written element by element, and it is important to pronounce the name of the element for better comprehension and memorization

Ways and recommendations to teach your child to write beautifully

At the beginning of their education, children experience enormous physical and emotional stress when writing assignments in copybooks or notebooks. The situation is complicated by children's low endurance to static loads. What will help a child learn to write beautifully?

1. Make sure your child is positioned correctly at the table. Incorrect position of the body, hands or notebook not only negatively affects handwriting, but also leads to severe muscle fatigue and the formation of incorrect posture

2. Choose a suitable writing instrument: the optimal length of a pen or pencil is 15 cm, the optimal diameter (thickness) is 5-7 mm, it is preferable to have a rubberized pad on the body in the place where the child holds the pen to prevent fingers from slipping
3. Pay attention to the correct grip of the writing instrument with your fingers - this will avoid overexertion and muscle spasms and develop beautiful handwriting

Handles with rubberized indentations for the thumb and forefinger help ensure proper grip. These pens are available for right-handers and left-handers.

Special training attachments will help your child learn to hold a writing instrument correctly

Good development of fine motor skills of the fingers is very important. This will help with working with clay, plasticine, salt dough, small construction toys, fastening or unbuttoning buttons, tying shoelaces, weaving from ribbons, elastic bands, and beads.

How to teach a child to write without mistakes?

• If a child misses letters in words. The reason lies in insufficient development of phonemic hearing and sound-letter analysis of words. When writing, the child needs to pronounce the word syllable by syllable in a low voice. It is useful to write more from dictation, and the systematic nature of the lessons is important: let it be small dictations of two or three sentences, but every day

• If a child makes mistakes on spellings that are familiar to him. This means that the child does not know how to apply the rule; it is necessary to bring the skills of applying the rule to automatism: parse words with spellings, write vocabulary dictations on this or that rule, or perform training tasks, for example, insert missing letters into words and be able to explain your choice

Children with speech impairments require special attention. If pronunciation defects appear in writing, you cannot do without the help of a speech therapist.

Activities that will help your child learn fun, quickly and productively

My name is Elena Kalachikova, I am a trainer in eidetics, mnemonics and speed reading with sixteen years of experience. Classes in our Training Center help improve memory for adults and children, develop thinking and creativity, and prove that learning can bring incredible pleasure!

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How to teach a child to write with a wide ruler?

When starting to write in a notebook with a wide line, the child is faced with the difficulty of independently controlling the width, height and slope of the letters. As a result, the following problems arise:

• letters are too large, sometimes even the entire line
• narrowed letters
• very small letters

1. There is no need to force the transition to a wide ruler until the skill of writing in a notebook in an oblique line is fully automated.
2. To make the transition smoother, encourage your child to write letters or words in a notebook using an oblique ruler, but not on the working line, but in a wide space. It is close in size to a line with a wide ruler, but oblique lines will make it possible to control the tilt
3. Sew a combined notebook, alternating sheets in an oblique and wide line. Have your child write the letter on the narrow line first, and then do the same on the adjacent page on the wide line. Thus, the child will see before his eyes an example of writing a letter
4. At first, a zebra sheet with an oblique line, which is placed under the worksheet, will help to maintain the correct slope in the notebook in a wide line.