Throat pronunciation of the sound “P” and its correction. Prepared by: teacher-speech therapist Shastina M.G. Municipal educational institution "Secondary school 3" Kogalym. - presentation

Parents proudly call children with a throaty R sound “our Frenchwoman” or “our Frenchman.” Speech therapists call this phenomenon rotacism. In his article, Dial-Dent speech therapist T. B. Tsukor talks about the secrets and mysteries of the throat pronunciation of the sound R and answers the question of whether correction of the throat r is necessary.

The throat pronunciation of the sound P is perhaps the only variant of the distorted pronunciation of the sound P, which most parents accept as the norm, since it is closest in sound to the classics. Some parents even consider this method of pronunciation piquant. And who wants to part with the zest? Some enterprising parents find application for this method of pronunciation by sending their children to German and French schools. In all three cases, the throaty P is not subject to correction and is included in the structure of the phonetic representations of the child and then the adult. There remains a small part of parents, approximately 20 percent, for whom their child’s throat R hurts their hearing, and they still turn to a speech therapist to eliminate it.

Introduction to Speech

When producing sonors, the automation of syllables immediately begins.
In other sounds, they achieve a beautiful isolated sound. With “Рь” and “Р” they do not wait for this stage, immediately moving on to working on the syllables. Start with a direct position - a consonant plus a vowel sound. Mechanical assistance is provided at the initial stage, the probe is gradually moved away, and the child imperceptibly begins to “growl” on his own.

The next stage is reverse syllables, where the position of the sounds changes. Combinations of a vowel plus a consonant are taken. To make it interesting for children to study, special games are used:

• walkers, laying out chips;
• sorting through pebbles;
• winding thread into a ball.

There's no need to rush. The transition from one stage to another is carried out only after complete assimilation of the material. At the same time, they work on phonemic hearing, which is responsible for distinguishing sounds.

The child must distinguish himself, control his speech, when he speaks correctly, when not - correct himself. Practice begins with non-speech sounds - environmental noise, music. Then they move on to identifying vowel sounds.

The automation process takes a long time. At home, with the preschooler, they teach poetry, tongue twisters, tongue twisters, and read stories and fairy tales with him. It is the parents who are responsible for developing his self-control skills.

Do not delay contacting a speech therapist. The earlier a defect is identified, the greater the chance of correcting the defect. In adulthood, it is difficult to correct; it will take time.

The participation of parents in the correction process guarantees its effectiveness. Adults ensure the daily implementation of classes and control their quality. Their task is to do homework with the child.

When parents and speech therapists work together, good results are achieved. Children should go to school with correct oral speech. Without this, there is a risk of problems with writing and reading that will be difficult to correct.

Breathing exercises

The sound R is quite difficult for children to pronounce, so correctly performed speech breathing will significantly speed up and facilitate the main work of producing and automating the sound. It is with breathing exercises that every speech therapy session should begin. The following exercises are great for this purpose.

"Playing football". Two cubes are placed on the table - these are gates. Use a small cotton ball as a ball. The child’s task is to stretch out his lips with a tube and, with a long exhalation, blow on the ball, driving it into the goal.

"Magic Bubbles" In front of the child is a glass of water and a cocktail straw. For added interest, you can add any food coloring to the water. The baby blows into the straw, creating a storm of bubbles in the glass.

"Snowflake on the nose." A small cotton ball on the tip of the child’s nose acts as a snowflake. The task is to blow off the cotton wool with a stream of air with your mouth slightly open and the tip of the tongue attached to the upper lip.

Articulation gymnastics

Articulation exercises are an important part of speech therapy. They prepare the organs for the development of sounds, train the muscular system

They are performed while sitting in front of a mirror every day, in a playful way.

There are general classes and specialized ones (for developing the “r”), thanks to which the frenulum is stretched and the tongue is fixed in a position on top.

Set of exercises:

Open your mouth, stretch out your tongue, try to reach your nose and chin. Open your mouth as much as possible. Place your tongue against your upper teeth. Then make movements down and up with great intensity. When the tongue touches the upper row of teeth, it is necessary to fix it in this position for 10 seconds. You can imitate a turkey. To do this, open your mouth slightly and place your tongue outstretched on your upper lip. Move the edge back and forth without lifting it from the lip. At the same time, try to pronounce “bl-bl-bl-bl-bl.” With your mouth closed, make movements like a paint brush throughout the entire oral cavity. The palate, cheeks, and teeth are affected. Stick out your tongue and quickly bite your lips. A prerequisite is intensive air blowing. Click your tongue several times (like a horse), stop and press your tongue tightly to the roof of your mouth for 10-15 seconds. Try to pull the bridle higher. Stretch a wide smile. Touch the tip of your tongue to the corner of your lips. On the count of “one,” move your tongue to another corner, and on the count of “two,” return to the starting position. As the exercise progresses, the movements become faster. Ask your child to count his own teeth. To do this, the end of the tongue must be tensed as much as possible. Touch each tooth with it, both outside and inside. Open your mouth in a wide smile, place your tongue on the roof of your mouth and relax. Now you need to open and close your mouth for 2 minutes

Immediately after this, relax. Within 3 minutes, the baby needs to pronounce the sound “d” with his mouth open. It is important to pronounce “z-z-z-z-z” long and drawn out, which helps develop the “r”.

A set of correct exercises for self-study

If the child’s articulatory apparatus is characterized by inactivity, then speech gymnastics in the form of a game will be useful to you during classes. This is also relevant for young children for general development and prevention of speech disorders.

For example, you can work with children under four years old using funny rhymes and tongue twisters with the sound R:

• the famous Greek who rode across the river;
• about the grass in the yard and the firewood on it;
• about Clara and Karl;
• about piglets and crucian carp;
• a cheerful song from friends - “tra-ta-ta, we are taking a cat with us...” and many others.

Speak with your child simple words that he knows and uses every day: hand, river, motor, yard, game, pocket, cancer, rose, fish, barn, garage, etc.

Pure sayings also help, that is, rhyming lines, for example, “RO-RO-RO - the crow has a black feather” or “RA-RA-RA - an interesting game.” The sound can be sung in different combinations: first in the usual position - “RI-RE-RA-RO-RU”, and then in the intervocal position - “IRI-ERE-ARA-ORO-URU”.

Children really like games using the sound R: you can roar like big tigers or lions, shoot at targets with a pistol (“tra-ta-ta”), ride on a tractor chair (“hole-drr”). Your main task is to go from simple to complex.

• You teach your child to pronounce a sound confidently on its own, that is, in isolation.
• You help your baby master syllables and then short words.
• You try to train him in speech using sentences, poems, tongue twisters and songs.

Otherwise, the child will not be able to repeat after you a complex tongue twister or rhyme, and will be scared or withdrawn even more because he can’t do anything. As a result, you will be refused further classes. Therefore, you should be patient and try together with your baby.

The video provides an example of how you can conduct classes with your child on pronunciation of the letter R.

Exercises for the development and training of the articulatory apparatus, helping to teach how to say the letter P

It is better to perform all exercises while sitting in front of a mirror; the baby can also hold a small mirror in his hands. Set aside a specific time for classes - it is best to study in the morning or in the first half of the day, when the child is not yet tired.

At first, each exercise can be repeated five times, and then the number of repetitions should be gradually increased to eight or ten. In total, the lesson should not last more than twenty minutes.

Do the exercises with your child - this will help him quickly learn what exactly they want from him and will give him confidence in doing it correctly.

First you need to knead and warm up the articulatory apparatus. Before exercising, you should wash your hands thoroughly.

• "Tube or proboscis."

We stretch our lips into a tube and hold them like that for about ten seconds. Then we imagine that we are baby elephants and are trying to suck in air through this tube.

• "From a smile."

We part our lips in a wide smile and hold them tense for ten to fifteen seconds.

• “We open the window.”

We open our mouth wide and hold it there, first counting from one to ten, and then increasing the count.

• "Painter with a brush."

You smile and open your mouth, but not wide. You need to move your tongue across the upper palate, like a brush, towards the throat from the upper teeth.

• "Clock with a pendulum."

We smile again and open our mouths. We stick our tongue forward, and then swing it from the right corner of the mouth to the left, that is, from side to side.

• "We raise the sail."

The tip of the tongue should be raised behind the upper front teeth onto the tubercle of the palate. Its back should be slightly bent forward, and the edges should be pressed against the upper molars.

• "Teeth cleaning".

The starting position will be the same as in the previous exercises. With the tip of your tongue you need to go over the entire inner surface of the upper row of teeth, as if brushing or sweeping them, and then rest your tongue on each upper tooth in turn. The jaw should not move in this exercise.

• “A mosquito has arrived.”

Open your mouth and move the tip of your tongue behind your front teeth. We try to pronounce the sound “Z-z” like this, then return the tongue back, rest on the upper palate right at the base of the teeth and say “Z-z” again.

• "Needle."

We stick our narrow tongue forward. Hold it like this for at least ten seconds.

• "Small cup"

Opening your mouth, you need to reach your upper teeth with your tongue, but do not touch them. The tongue curves and is shaped like a cup.

• “Let’s start the engine.”

The thumb should be placed under the tongue and moved to the right and left, as if starting a car engine, pronouncing the sound “d-d-d”, which over time should turn into “dr-r-r”.

• "The cat drinks milk."

We try to lap up imaginary milk, like a kitten, curling our tongue.

• "Who's next?"

We stretch our tongue as far as possible - you can even compete. The tongue should be relaxed. Then try touching your tongue to your chin or reaching the tip of your nose.

• "A moment of mischief."

We stick out our tongue and chatter it as if we are teasing.

• "Biting snake."

We stretch our tongue forward and lightly bite its tip.

• “The horse runs and runs.”

Open your mouth wide. First, you need to stick your tongue to the roof of your mouth, and then flick it hard. Make sure that the jaw does not move, but that the entire tongue moves. Clattering like a galloping horse, the child will stretch the hyoid ligament and train it. We stop the horse with the sound “tppr”, but make sure that this sound is deaf for the child, and the lips do not vibrate, but simply tremble.

• "The beat of a drum or the sound of a woodpecker."

We strike with force the tip of the tongue on the upper palate, directly on the tubercles of the front teeth, while quickly pronouncing the sound “D-d”.

• "Play, harmonica."

We raise our tongue and “suck” it to the palate. We try to open and close our mouth without lifting our tongue.

• “It’s cold - I’m freezing!”

We pronounce “brrr”, but do not tense our lips.

• “Let’s jump with you.”

We alternately touch the tubercles with our tongue, which are located above the upper teeth, as if making jumps. Come up with a fairy tale with your child about how a cheerful tongue can jump high to make it more interesting for him to do the exercise.

• "Important Turkey."

Open your mouth slightly and place the wide front edge of your tongue on your upper lip. Slowly move it down and up, without lifting it from your lip. Make sure there is no movement left or right. Little by little, try increasing the speed of movement and adding the turkey “bl-bl” sound. Then you can complicate the exercise by sharply throwing your tongue out between your lips and hiding it back.

• "The wind blows".

We blow strongly on a feather, a leaf, or cotton wool, smiling broadly and pressing the tip of our tongue to the tubercles behind the front upper teeth. The tongue should tremble so that a dull “trrr” sound appears. Come up with an air race game for your child to see who can blow harder, whose leaf will fly farthest, etc.

• “We’re baking pancakes.”

Place a relaxed, wide tongue on your lower lip. Slap your lips to flatten your tongue and make it smooth with a “five-five” sound.

• “We play hide and seek or curious tongue.”

We smile and first make our tongue wide. Then we slowly hide it in the house (mouth), pressing it against the tubercles behind the front upper teeth. You can call the tongue with the words “peek-a-boo, show yourself to us” or something curious so that it smoothly peeks out again and touches the upper lip. We repeat the movements back and forth in a playful manner.

• “We chatter like magpies.”

We place a wide tongue on the tubercles and blow out air, saying “tr-r-r.” We start with a whisper and gradually move to a loud sound.

• "My favorite drum."

The lips are parted in a smile, the lower jaw does not move. Drum the tip of the tongue on the tubercles behind the upper teeth, pronouncing the sound “d-d-d”.

When the child confidently masters the hard sound R, it will be possible to move on to training the soft R sound. Having taught your child to pronounce these sounds individually automatically, move on to the stage of pronouncing them in words in different positions, and also train combinations with other sounds, and consolidate pronunciation in syllables.

The author of the video shares tips on how to teach a child to pronounce the letter R and correct mistakes in pronunciation.

Method of sound production when phoneme is distorted

Positioning the phoneme during distortion. This form of disorder is the most difficult to correct. Here, parents cannot do without the help of a speech therapist. Individual sound production classes are held once or twice a week. The frequency of classes is determined by the speech therapist. The main types of distortion are distinguished:

1. Guttural, in which the sound is pronounced as in French. Sound is produced by vibration of the soft palate, not the tip of the tongue.
2. Nasal distortion is formed due to the exit of the air stream through the nose; there is no vibration of the tongue. To the ear, the distortion sounds like a combination of “ng”.
3. Lateral distortion occurs due to vibration of the side of the tongue, and the combination “rl” is heard.
4. Lip distortion (“coachman”) is formed due to the vibration of the child’s lips; the tongue is passive and does not participate in pronunciation.
5. Single-impact distortion is characterized by insufficient vibration of the tongue. The sound becomes similar to the English “r”.
6. Buccal distortion is formed due to vibration of the cheeks, the tongue is passive, as in the labial form.
7. Uvular distortion occurs when the uvula (soft tongue) vibrates.

At the first stage, a full speech therapy examination of the articulatory system is carried out.
A common cause of distortion is a shortened hyoid ligament. Many experts advise cutting the ligament in order to improve motor function. But surgery will be painful for the child and will entail a long healing period. It is possible to stretch the hyoid frenulum using articulation exercises. Exercise "Accordion". It is carried out upon successful mastering of the “fungus” exercise. Ask your child to “suck” the tongue against the hard palate, then gradually open and close the mouth, leaving the tongue at the top. At first, the child will feel discomfort or pain from the tension of the ligament. The exercise is carried out gradually, without sudden stretching. The frenulum will stretch and the tongue will become more mobile. In cases where the frenulum is too short and tight, the stretching period may take more than one month. Exercises should be performed for 10-15 minutes a day.

Exercises to stretch the frenulum of the tongue

To eliminate a congenital defect, the help of a speech therapist is necessary - gymnastics is developed individually. It is better to practice in the form of a game, otherwise the baby will quickly lose interest in training.

Trying to reach the tip of the nose with your tongue helps to stretch the frenulum perfectly. The child must try as hard as possible, so it is recommended to offer a competition to see who can do it better. Conduct the lesson at least five times a day.

Another effective play exercise that allows you to cope with a defect is to invite your baby to try to eat like a kitten. You can simply reproduce the movements, but it is better to pour condensed milk into a plate and offer to “lick” it.

To quickly get rid of the defect, it is recommended to use massage. Be sure to do it with cleanly washed hands. The baby should open his mouth and lift his tongue up. Massage the frenulum with light movements, you can slightly pull it towards the teeth. It is better to carry out the first procedures under the supervision of a speech therapist - this will prevent mistakes. The duration of manipulation is no more than three minutes per day.

Speech hearing

The main cause of rhotacism is phonemic hearing impairment. This should not be confused with deafness. Children with this problem have good physiological hearing. But they cannot distinguish phonemes of their native language by ear. If it is impossible to differentiate sounds, they are replaced in speech.

There are several reasons for phonemic hearing impairment. In the modern world, many parents prefer to teach their children to watch cartoons, films and other television products from infancy. All of them are created using computer programs. Artificial speech is characterized by shrillness, loudness and sudden jumps in intonation. As a result, the child, without hearing a sample of normal speech, does not learn to distinguish it and separate it from the general noise.

Talk to your child more, pronounce words correctly, don’t “lisp”

Testing phonemic awareness is very easy. To do this, the child is presented with a series of pictures. On the first one, he must find an object with a given vowel. For example, find all pictures with the sound “and”. Next, he must do a similar task, but with a consonant. Afterwards he is asked to identify the first sound in the words “stork”, “cloud”, etc. The composition of words gradually becomes more complex.

Throat pronunciation of R, causes of occurrence

I would like to focus your attention on the causes of this speech defect. Why, being surrounded by a social environment where non-throat sounds are normative, did the child choose this particular method of pronunciation? So something contributed? What could it be?

1. A short hyoid frenulum, which limits the mobility of the tongue and affects the bite.
2. Chronically enlarged tonsils, which keep the area of ​​the root of the tongue in an excited state, and it is easier for the child to make a bow with the back of the palate and the root of the tongue than with the front of the tongue with the anterior third of the palate.
3. Hypotonicity or hypertonicity of the tongue, which, by the way, often reflects the situation in the body (you don’t know why your child is awkward, falls out of the blue, everything falls out of his hands, and it seems to you that this is absent-mindedness, but here you need the help of a massage therapist or osteopath).
4. Impaired phonemic hearing, which should not be confused with physical hearing, and which will seriously affect the quality of education in the future. For example, a child writes instead of U-O, instead of B-P, does not add endings and/or misses letters in the middle of a word.
5. A variant of organic damage, which, in addition to the sound R, will cause problems of a neurological nature: fears, fatigue, unreasonable mood swings, sensitivity to stuffiness and motion sickness in transport.

It is better to entrust an accurate diagnosis of the problem that led to the appearance of throaty pronunciation in a child to professionals. And you need to start with a consultation with a speech therapist. If necessary, he will refer you to other specialists, for example, a pediatric ENT specialist or a pediatric dentist. All the necessary specialists work at the Dial-Dent clinic.

How can a child distort "R"

Incorrect “r” sounds are called rhotacism - these are the sounds that are replaced instead of this letter. Before determining exercises for producing the sound R, it is necessary to understand exactly how the child pronounces this sound. It happens like this:

• Burr or speaking through the throat. When pronounced, the palate vibrates instead of the tip of the tongue. A similar phenomenon is more typical for French, but not for Russian.
• Lateral "R". This happens if the side is pressed against the upper jaw, the opposite side hangs down. In this case, the tip cannot vibrate, and the sound P itself is more similar to “rl”.
• Single-stroke "r". Instead of shaking, the tip hits the roof of your mouth. This is how the English letter “R” is pronounced.
• Pronunciation through the nose. The air flow must pass through the mouth.
• Kucherskoe R. The tongue vibrates on the pressed lips, resulting in the sound “tpr”, not a pure R.
• Pararotacism. This is the phenomenon of replacing the sound P with another, for example G.L,V.
• Pass. The child simply does not pronounce this sound at all and misses it in his speech.

The irresistible letter P: the main cases of speech impediment, its causes and consequences

Being very young, the child first masters vowel sounds - they are heard in his screaming, crying, and humming. Then, gradually, the time comes to become acquainted with other sounds, as a result of which the baby’s speech is replenished not only with vowels, but also with consonants, and this makes it more diverse and richer.

Parents must understand that speech formation does not occur spontaneously - this process follows a certain schedule, so you cannot teach your baby to pronounce complex sounds if he has not yet mastered simple ones.

According to statistics, P is the most difficult sound to pronounce, which is why it comes last in the chain. Based on this, we can conclude that the child begins to confidently “growl” only at a more or less conscious age.

When should you worry?

Usually, sound can erupt on its own at five to six years of age. This age limit is set for the sounds R and L. A healthy and normally developing child masters the rest by the age of four to four and a half years.

Before reaching this age, it is too early to panic - there is no need to demand anything from the child or take him to specialists.

However, do not forget to engage in the development of the baby, because articulation exercises and phonetic complexes, which help to quickly master pronunciation, contribute to the correct formation and improvement of the speech apparatus, give the tongue flexibility and mobility, and train breathing and the muscles of the articulatory block.

If the speech defect does not go away even in preschool age, then it is worth paying more attention to the problem, and first of all, to figure out why and how exactly the child does not pronounce the sound R.

How does the defect manifest in a child and why does this happen?

Speech therapy practice knows many examples of children distorting the sound R:

• the baby pronounces a sound, but only in some words - most often this is possible in the middle of words or at the beginning, but at the endings the P is swallowed or simply sounds indistinct;
• P can also disappear in the middle of a word if it is between two vowels, for example, in the words “frost” - pronounced “ma_oz” or garage - sounds like “ga_azh”;
• during pronunciation, a replacement occurs with another sound - usually with L - the famous “lyba” instead of “fish” or “vines” instead of “rose”, also with Y or Y, and sometimes with a burry G - this phenomenon is called “parorotacism” ";
• instead of R, the child produces a guttural or guttural sound - pronunciation using the larynx, according to speech therapists, may be a cause for concern and further examination of the child, since most often this indicates some health problems;
• In bilingual children, the sound P may be produced atypically for our hearing and speech; for example, the child will grate in the French manner or pronounce it with strong vibration, as in English.

Previously, it was believed that the cause of difficulties with the sound R in the speech of children was a congenital shortening of the frenulum of the tongue or a too short hyoid ligament, which prevents the tongue from moving normally and fully, and also prevents it from rising high for the correct pronunciation of the sound.

Indeed, this speech therapy problem can be called the most common, but there are other disorders that can also result in speech problems.

Possible problems and consequences

Let's remember how, according to all the rules, the sound R should be pronounced. Firstly, the tongue must be raised to the alveoli, and secondly, it is necessary to ensure that the passing air stream makes its tip tremble.

If you look at the problem of burr or, as doctors call it, rotacism, you will find that the main problem is precisely the absence of this very vibration.

Or rather, there is vibration, but it is not the tip of the tongue that vibrates. Eg:

• with buccal rotacism the cheeks will be involved;
• with lateral pronunciation - the edges of the tongue, that is, the air exhaled by the child when pronouncing a sound goes to the side, and not forward, as needed;
• if a coachman's sound is diagnosed, it means that the lips are involved in the vibration;
• with a nasal sound, when R is pronounced as if the baby has a constant runny nose, the air goes in the wrong direction due to the fact that the passage into the nasal cavity is not closed by the soft palate;
• with throaty pronunciation, there is vibration of the soft palate or the small tongue on it;
• if a child says R in the English manner, this means that there is also no vibration of the tip of the tongue, but it only hits the hard palate once, which is why speech therapists also call this sound single-impact.

Pathologies such as a tongue that is too large (macroglossia) or too small (microglossia) are also possible.

If the appearance of rhotacism is associated with the physiological features of the structure of the child’s speech apparatus, then they will have to be corrected with the help of doctors, for example, it is recommended to trim the frenulum at the dentist.

In addition, speech disorders occur for the following reasons:

• weakness of the tongue muscles - this usually happens if the child sucks the pacifier for too long;
• problems with phonemic hearing;
• inactivity of the articulatory apparatus;
• problems with speech breathing.

As for the last point, special attention should be paid to it and its importance noted, since speech breathing is a kind of basis for correct sound production. And many health problems can disrupt it and create various “problems,” for example, chronic runny nose or diseases of the cardiovascular system, or enlarged adenoids, as well as immune diseases.

Do I need to see a speech therapist?

Sometimes parents prefer to cope with difficulties on their own, without the help of specialists and doctors. However, it is still worth visiting a speech therapist, especially if the problem is persistent and concerning.

Firstly, he will be able to determine why the baby has difficulties with pronunciation. Secondly, the speech therapist will select a suitable set of exercises to solve your child’s speech problem, show you exactly how to do them, so that later you can work with your baby on your own.

But the most important thing is that a visit to a specialist and examination will allow you to detect serious abnormalities at the initial stage and avoid the risk of their further progression and development. Among such dangerous disorders, doctors identify dysarthria, a pathology affecting the brain, dyslalia or tongue-tiedness.

Such serious reasons will require additional examination, consultation and treatment from other doctors. If the development of speech is not hampered by diseases or pathologies, but simply by the child’s weak articulatory apparatus or tongue muscles, then the speech therapist will advise you to perform general gymnastics with the baby, select exercises for producing the sound R and help bring it to automation.

Articulation of sound [Ts]

It represents a close connection of a stop consonant and a fricative:

• at the first moment, the tongue closes the front part of the back with the alveoli, and the tip rests on the gums of the lower incisors;
• the soft palate is raised;
• vocal cords are open;
• Following this, the bow explodes, the back of the tongue rebounds to the position inherent in the articulation of sound.

Lip exercises

"Smile"

. Smile so that the upper and lower teeth are visible, hold this position for 5-7 seconds.

"Tube"

. Extend lips with a tube:

1st option - pronounce a sound for a long time without using your voice;

2nd option - pull your lips slightly forward, as if forming a square. The teeth are closed.

"Doors Open"

. Slowly open your mouth until there is a distance of 10-15 mm between the upper and lower teeth, hold your lips in the “Smile” position.

"Bunny"

. Smile so that your upper and lower teeth are visible, raise your upper lip (wrinkle your nose), and lower it back into place.

Lower your lower lip and open your lower teeth. Lips and teeth are closed. Repeat 5-7 times.

Gymnastics for the tongue

"Pancake"

. Place a wide, relaxed tongue on the lower lip.

Make sure that the lower lip does not tense. The upper teeth should be exposed (that is, the “Smile” position is maintained). If the tongue does not take the desired shape, it is recommended to do a passive massage, pronounce syllables with the tongue sticking out between the lips, for example “ba-ba-ba”.

Upon achieving success, make your tongue wide without pronouncing these syllables and blow with a narrow cold stream of air until a groove is formed along the midline of the tongue.

"Swing"

. Raise your wide tongue over your upper teeth and then lower it behind your lower teeth. Perform the exercise counting 8-10 times.

"Let's brush our teeth"

. Smile, show your teeth, open your mouth slightly and “clean” your lower teeth with the tip of your tongue, first moving your tongue from side to side, then from bottom to top.

"Slide"

. Smile, show your teeth, open your mouth, place the tip of your tongue behind your lower incisors, pushing the middle part of the back of your tongue forward (“built a slide”).

"Monkey"

. Bite the side edges of the tongue (perform the “Gorka” exercise) and, holding the tip of the tongue behind the lower teeth, bite the side edges of the tongue on the right and left (you can pronounce “ey-ey-ey”). If this doesn’t work, then pronounce the sound “i-i-i”, stretching your lips as much as possible and holding the tip of your tongue behind your lower teeth.

"Pussy is angry"

. Smile, show your teeth, open your mouth, place the tip of your tongue behind your lower incisors, arch your back and stroke it with your upper teeth. In this case, you need to make sure that the lower teeth do not move forward.

“High slide - low slide”

. Lower the tip of the tongue behind the lower teeth, pushing the middle part of the back of the tongue forward (“high slide”). Holding the tip of your tongue behind your teeth, pull the middle part of the back of your tongue deep into your mouth (“low slide”). Repeat 3-4 times.

Breathing exercises

"Breeze"

. Simply blow through closed lips, controlling the stream of exhaled air using a strip of paper brought to your mouth, a piece of cotton wool suspended on a thread, or simply by feeling the stream on your hand brought to your mouth.

"Put the ball into the goal"

. Stretch your lips forward with a tube and blow for a long time onto a cotton ball (lying on the table in front of the child), driving it between two cubes.

“Who will kick the ball further?”

Smile, place the wide front edge of your tongue on your lower lip, as if pronouncing the sound for a long time, and blow the cotton wool onto the opposite edge of the table. The lower lip should not be pulled over the lower teeth. Make sure that the child does not puff out his cheeks and makes the sound , not .

"Singing Bubble"

. The exercise is done in front of a mirror with the tongue stuck wide between the lips, its lateral edges adjacent to the corners of the mouth. A longitudinal groove should form in the middle of the tongue. Holding the vial (test tube) vertically, you should bring its hole to the middle part of the front edge of the tongue. If, at the moment of blowing, a groove is formed along the tongue, along which an air stream rushes, then when the bubble (test tube) is brought to the tongue, a strong noise should be heard, which indicates the correct alignment of the tongue.

"Focus"

. Smile, open your mouth slightly, place the wide front edge of your tongue on your upper lip so that its side edges are pressed and a groove is formed in the middle, and blow off the cotton wool placed on the tip of your nose. The air should go in the middle of the tongue, then the fleece will fly up.

Individual consultation for parents on the topic: “Throat pronunciation of the sound [R]”

Individual consultation for parents on the topic:

“Groat pronunciation of the sound [R]”

Throat pronunciation of the sound r

often occurs in children. In rare cases, it goes away without special help, and if left uncorrected, it can last a lifetime.

Difference between throat p

from the correct one is that the vibration is formed by vibrations not of the tip of the tongue, but of the soft palate (small tongue).
This pronunciation of the r
is considered correct in French, German and some other languages.

It is not difficult to distinguish throat pronunciation from the correct one: to do this, you can ask the child to open his mouth wide and pronounce r

.
At the same time, it is impossible to say the correct r
, but the throat one is pronounced freely.

Correction of the throat pronunciation of the sound r

is produced in several stages.

Preparatory stage.

If the child’s tongue is clumsy, tense and there are no correct sounds in speech

and
g
, you should resort to articulatory gymnastics, through which the necessary positions and movements of the tongue will be developed.

Sound production.

If the child has correctly pronounced sounds sh

and
g
, you need to immediately begin setting up a proto r, and then generating vibration of the tip of the tongue (as in the absence of sound).

P

a spacious one must be obtained in order to activate the tip of the tongue and remove the vibration of the small uvula or soft palate. The resulting sound is consolidated through repeated repetition. It is necessary for the child to visually control his movements in front of the mirror.

Sound automation.

r sound is obtained

, it is very carefully introduced into words. Having become accustomed to throaty pronunciation, the child cannot always control his articulation. Therefore, self-control and control by an adult are necessary for a long time.

The correct pronunciation of the sound R is obtained when the tongue rises to the upper teeth, the tip of the tongue is tense and vibrates from the air stream directed at it. And with the throaty pronunciation of R, the sound is produced not due to the vibration of the tip of the tongue, but due to the vibration of the soft palate. The correct pronunciation of this sound is formed before the age of 5; if a child pronounces P distorted even after 5 years, then usually the defective pronunciation is fixed and often becomes guttural.

How to understand that a child says R with his throat?

To do this, you need to open your mouth wide and growl like a tiger R-R-R-R-R. At the same time, you will see that the tongue does not vibrate and a sound reminiscent of the Ukrainian G is heard.

To learn to speak R beautifully and clearly, you need the muscles of the tongue, lips and cheeks to be strong, mobile and accurately perform movements; articulatory gymnastics helps with this. I would like to draw your attention to the fact that if a child or adult pronounces R in the throat, then a complex of ordinary articulatory gymnastics for the sound R in the initial stages can aggravate the situation. The fact is that a person who pronounces R with his throat by ear understands well that the sound is produced by vibration, but cannot repeat it correctly on his own. At first, forget and do not perform exercises in which the tongue begins to vibrate - these are “Motor”, “Turkey” and “Ratter”.

Articulation gymnastics for setting P:

1. Place a wide, relaxed tongue on your lower lip and blow lightly on it for 5 seconds, hide your tongue back into the depths of your mouth. Repeat the exercise 3-4 times.

2. Open your mouth, place your wide tongue on your lower lip and lightly bite it from tip to root, while moving your tongue forward. Repeat the exercise 4-5 times.

3. Open your mouth, stick out your tongue, sharp as a sting, and alternately pull your tongue, then to the upper lip, then to the lower. Perform the exercise at a slow pace, repeat 4-8 times in each direction. Make sure that the lower jaw remains motionless while performing the exercise.

4. Open your mouth, stick your tongue forward, alternately pull your tongue to the left and right corners of your mouth, while doing this, make sure that the lower jaw remains motionless. This exercise is also performed at a slow pace 4-8 times in each direction.

5. Move the lower jaw exactly forward, hold the pose for 10 seconds, repeat the exercise 3-4 times.

6. Without opening your mouth, press your tongue alternately, then on the right, then on the left cheek, perform the exercise at a very slow pace, repeat 4-8 times in each direction.

7. Lower the corners of the mouth and show the lower teeth, raise the corners of the mouth and show the upper teeth, perform the exercise 4-6 times at a very slow pace.

8. Open your mouth as wide as possible and run your sharp tongue from the teeth along the hard palate into the depths of the mouth. Make sure that the lower jaw remains motionless; perform the exercises at a slow pace 6-10 times.

9. Open your mouth, place the tip of your tongue at the upper teeth, completely suck your tongue to the hard palate, hold the position for 10 seconds.

10. Open your mouth, place the tip of your tongue at the upper teeth, completely suck your tongue to the hard palate, without releasing your tongue from the hard palate, slowly open and close your mouth. Make sure that the exercise is performed smoothly without jerking. Repeat 6-8 times.

When correction is needed

The sound “R” is one of the most difficult sounds in a child’s speech development. It belongs to the category of sonorants, in which there are more vocal tones than noise.

Experts put “P” last, when all other sounds have already been correctly formed and consolidated. The production of “R” begins after 5.5-6 years. Until this time, a violation in his pronunciation is the age norm.

In some cases, it is worth contacting a speech therapist from the age of 4, when “R” appears in speech, but does not manifest itself correctly. In this variant, the child does not replace “R” with other sounds (“L”, “V”), but tries to pronounce “R”, but with disturbances in the articulatory apparatus.

Norm for pronunciation of “R”:

• lips are relaxed;
• distance between teeth 4-5 mm;
• the tip of the tongue rises to the upper gums;
• the tongue vibrates in the air stream;
• the middle part of the back of the tongue arches;
• the back of the tongue is directed back, pressed against the palate;
• the side edges are pressed upward;
• The vocal folds vibrate when speaking.

The main types of rhotacism that require correction:

1. Velar. The tip of the tongue is lowered down and does not participate in articulation. The tongue is tense and pushed back. There is little voice in pronunciation, a lot of air. The sound is guttural and loud.
2. Uvular. The tongue vibrates in the air stream. The sound is soft, quiet, smooth.
3. Nasal. The air is directed into the nose, there is no vibration.
4. Bilabial. Only the lips, without the tongue, take part in articulation.
5. Slotted. The tongue is directed upward and forms a gap with the soft palate. The sound changes to “Z” or “Zh”.
6. Interdental. The tongue is between the teeth.

Stages of correction of violations:

1. Preparatory.
2. Sound production.
3. Automation.
4. Differentiation.
5. Consolidation in speech.

Why the child does not pronounce the sound “r”: reasons

Before drawing conclusions about the reason why it is difficult for a child to pronounce the sound r, an examination of the speech apparatus, a hearing test, and sometimes a consultation with a neurologist is necessary:

1. Short sublingual frenulum. At five years its length reaches 7-8 mm. These sizes allow the tongue to rise. If it is thick and short, the specialist suggests stretching exercises or sends it for trimming.
2. The pronunciation algorithm is broken - incorrect automation of the sound “r” in words: instead of “r” he says “l” or hissing words. If it is easier for a child to insert “l” into words than to pronounce the letter “r”, the process of making the correct sound will go faster: the pronunciation algorithm is similar. If the child replaces it with hissing words, a phonemic hearing test is needed.
3. The child does not hear individual sounds - phonemic hearing is impaired. It is difficult for him to distinguish them, so he replaces them or skips them altogether. The reasons for this disorder are problems with the central nervous system, adenoiditis and otitis media.
4. The articulatory apparatus is in good shape or completely relaxed. Lips, cheeks and tongue are tense or not mobile enough. Both prevent the child from learning to pronounce the letter “r” correctly. Then the speech therapist offers articulation exercises.
5. Behavior problems. To teach a child to pronounce a letter, a specialist must be able to interest in exercises for the letter r, and the child must be able to maintain attention during the training process. Disinhibition or passivity prevents him from concentrating. The reasons are neurological disorders or an unhealthy atmosphere in the environment of a child who is deprived of close emotional contact with the parent.
6. Throat pronunciation. Instead of tension of the tongue and frenulum, the child’s laryngeal uvula vibrates. When pronounced in a throaty manner, they say that the child is burring. The correction is difficult for 2 reasons: parents come late because they do not distinguish between lingual and throat sounds, and also because it is necessary not just articulatory gymnastics to produce the r sound, but to gradually teach how to pronounce it according to a new algorithm.

Differentiation of sounds P and Pb, common pronunciation defects

• The sound is a lingual-alveolar trembling hard consonant sound.
• The sound is a trembling soft consonant sound, differs from the raised position of the back of the tongue and the displacement of the tip of the tongue from the alveoli forward to the upper incisors.

To learn how to pronounce a sound correctly, the mouth must be slightly open, the teeth should not be closed. The tip of the tongue is wide and tense, raised to the alveoli (tubercles behind the front teeth). The edges of the tongue are pressed against the upper molars, the back is raised. A strong stream of air passes through the mouth and causes the tip of the tongue to vibrate.

Violation of the correct pronunciation of sounds is designated by the word “rotacism” (from the Greek letter “rho”). There are 12 main types of rotacism:

Pararotacism is the substitution of a sound for another sound. For example, “lyba” instead of “fish”; - “hello” instead of “hello”, etc.

Throat pronunciation of R, consequences

If you do not eliminate the throat P, then we have obvious and superficial consequences, as well as hidden ones associated with the causes described above.

The obvious disadvantages of throat P are the following. A person with throat P may not be “allowed” into a number of professions, for example, an actor or radio or television announcer. There may also be restrictions on professions in the “person-to-person” system (for example, teacher, kindergarten teacher, tour guide, lawyer, etc.). Work associated with significant neuropsychic stress, exposure to significant production noise, and the use of verbal signals will not be suitable. Alternatively, a person will choose a specialty in the field of “human-technology”, “human-sign system”, “human-creativity”, etc.

Unobvious consequences include malocclusion, the appearance of ENT problems, the child’s poor performance at school, etc. In these cases, throat P is more of a signal than a symptom, but, nevertheless, parents should be aware of it.

Mimic gymnastics

Another important stage at the beginning of the lesson, thanks to which the child’s facial muscles and articulation apparatus are prepared for further work. All exercises are performed in front of a mirror.

Exercise “Hamster and fish”. The child first puffs out his cheeks strongly, showing a hamster, after which he stretches his lips forward in a tube, like a fish. The movements alternate at least 7-8 times.

"The cat drinks milk." The child uses his tongue to imitate the movements of a cat lapping milk from a saucer.

"Surprised Arkasha and angry Masha." The child first raises his eyebrows high, as if in surprise, and then frowns strongly, as if very angry.

Lip relaxation exercises:

• smile widely with a drawn-out i-i-i-i;
• rhythmic movements with tightly closed lips, now to the right, now to the left cheek;
• movements of closed lips in a circle.

“The wizard Nikolka turns a spatula into a needle” - a wide, relaxed tongue is laid out on the lower lip in the shape of a spatula, and then the whole tongue is made narrow with a sharp tip, like a needle.

Setting the sound "R"

This sound is produced by vibration of the tip of the tongue. In order to cause it, there are two techniques that can be used at home. Just don’t forget that this should be preceded by preliminary work on strengthening the muscles of the articulatory apparatus, described above.

1. The first technique: you need to lift the tongue up, press it to the alveoli and blow hard on it, imitating a sound similar to zzzz. A jet of air formed between the tip of the tongue and the alveoli can cause the tip of the tongue to vibrate.
2. Second technique: pulling the entire tongue towards the palate, stretch the hypoglossal ligament and inhale through the nose. Next, blow strongly on the tongue, keeping it pulled in, as with the sound “T”, the end of the tongue should remain behind the upper teeth. The result is a vibration of the tip of the tongue - trr.

Most often, the throaty “R” is obtained when parents force the child to pronounce this sound without prior preparation and demonstration of correct articulation.

If your child gets the vibration, then the next step will be to consolidate the resulting sound in syllables. Remember, when pronouncing syllables, the sound “R” must be pronounced for a long time, stretched out. Later, when the sound comes out well, it will need to be gradually shortened.

Consolidation in syllables

Open syllables:

• RA-RA-RA
• RO-RO-RO
• RU-RU-RU
• RY-RY-RY
• RA-RA, RA-RO, RO-RY, RA-RU, RO-RO, RY-RO, RY-RU, etc.

Closed syllables:

• AR, OR, UR, YR
• ARA, ARO, ORA, URO, ORU, URA, ARA, ORA, etc.

Consolidation in words

First, you need to use words in which the sound “R” will be at the beginning of the word: rainbow, plant, grove, ditch, mouth, rye, hand, stream, shirt, pen, market, fisherman, lever, saffron milk cap.

Next, to consolidate the sound, you will need words in which “P” is in the middle of the word, but it is surrounded by vowels. Here is an example of similar words: mountains, city, heat, hole, headlight, pair, balls, choirs, deliberately, forty, etc.

Now - the sound “R” is at the end of the word: dispute, chorus, motor, heat, mosquito, samovar, peace, etc.

But to pronounce words of this group, preliminary work is required to practice syllables in combination with a consonant sound:

• BRA-BRO-BRU-BRA
• VRA-VRO-VRU-VRY
• GRA-GRO-GRU-GRY
• DRA-DRO-DRU-DRY

These syllables should be pronounced both horizontally and vertically.

Setting the sound “r”. Exercises and tongue twisters

Many children experience problems with incorrect pronunciation of sounds. As a child, I was taken to a speech therapist at a clinic; I even attended a special speech therapy garden for a short time. And this story and the correction of speech defects somehow dragged on for a very long time and everything went difficult. Maybe the technique was unsuccessful. If I managed to cope with the sounds “s” and “sh” relatively quickly, then on “r” I stalled and this sound remained indistinct for me.

Already as an adult, out of curiosity, I looked at what was on the Internet on this topic and, saving the exercises I found in a file, printed out three sheets of A4 format. Every day before going to bed, I spent 15 minutes doing the exercises and reading the sentences. After a while, I began to read only one length and spend only 5 minutes a day. Just a couple of months later the sound “r” began to sound normal. The whole point here is insufficiently developed tongue muscles. At first, the sound sounds like “porridge in the mouth,” but gradually, with training of the tongue muscles, the sound is honed and becomes normal. I publish below how I did it. The technique has been tested. It will be useful for both children and adults, including foreigners who are learning Russian. In Chinese, for example, there is no “r” sound, but in French it is guttural.

Gymnastics for the tongue

1. "Roaring Lion." Press the tip of your tongue to the upper palate and touch it to your upper teeth. As you exhale, when the tip of your tongue begins to tremble, you should make the sound “R”. The exercise should be repeated until the sound becomes clear and ringing.

2. Open your mouth as wide as possible so that the tip of your tongue touches the inside of your upper teeth. This is followed by several quick movements of the tip to the left and right. “Running”, the tip of the tongue strokes the upper palate back and forth, touching the upper teeth. The exercise is performed without closing your mouth.

3. "Strong wind." Pronouncing the sound “F” strengthens the muscles of the tongue and promotes clear pronunciation of the letter “R”. With your mouth open, the tip of your tongue touches your lower lip. Exhaling a thin stream of air, pronounce the sound “F”, while trying to make this stream long and continuous.

4. “Lick your lips.” Fix the lower jaw with your hand. The relaxed tongue licks the upper lip from top to bottom.

5. Pronunciation of the sound “D” promotes the correct position of the tongue to pronounce the letter “P”.

6. With your mouth open, place your wide tongue on your lower lip and begin to quickly lick it back and forth. Add a voice to the mix so you get a sound similar to that of a turkey.

Sound testing

1. To warm up, repeat a small complex:

R-r-r-r-r-r R-ry-ry-ry Ri-re-ra-ro-ru-ry Lri-lre-lra-lro-lru-lry

2. Practicing stressed syllables:

at the beginning of a word with a stressed syllable: mouth, rudder, frame in the middle of a word with a stressed syllable: nora, pari, kennel at the beginning of a word with an unstressed syllable: mercury, work, belt in the middle of a word with an unstressed syllable: measure, carousel, pair

3. Tongue twisters with the sound “R”:

During a thunderstorm, the body collapsed from the load of watermelons.

The snout pig was white-nosed, blunt-nosed. She dug up half the yard with her snout, dug, dug, but didn’t even get to the hole. That's why the sow hare snouts, so that she digs.

The tongue twister quickly spoke, quickly spoke, that he would re-speak all the tongue twisters, re-speak quickly. But having quickly spoken, he quickly said that all tongue twisters cannot be quickly spoken, not spoken too quickly.

4. Eliminating burr by playing with sounds:

Ra-Ra-Ra – frame, rainbow, mountain. Ry-ry-ry - market, fish, mosquitoes. Ro-ro-ro - rose, homeland, bucket. Ru-ru-ru - hands, pens, kangaroos. Ar-ar-ar - cook, sugar, orderly. Ir-ir-ir - passenger, marshmallow, kefir. Er-er-er - wind, evening, officer. Or-or-or – tomato, axe, fence. Ur-Ur-Ur – cord, outline, lampshade. Ra-Ra-Ra – Raa likes the heat. Ru-ru-ru - a kangaroo wanders in the grove. Ry-ry-ry - Zhora jumps from the mountain. Ro-ro-ro - the metro is being built quickly. Ar-ar-ar - Roma likes a tan. Ur-Ur-Ur – the socket has a black cord. Ir-Ir-Ir - kefir in a mug with sugar. Or-or-or – Verochka is painting the fence. Er-er-er - the officer is marching. Yr-yr-yr – Zakhar has fatty cheese.

Long tongue twister “Liguria”

On Thursday the fourth, at four and a quarter o'clock, the Ligurian traffic controller was regulating in Liguria, but thirty-three ships tacked, tacked, but never managed, and then the protocol about the protocol was recorded by the protocol, as the interviewed Ligurian traffic controller eloquently, but not clearly, reported , and reported so much about the wet weather that, so that the incident did not become a contender for a judicial precedent, the Ligurian traffic controller acclimatized in unconstitutional Constantinople, where the tufted laughter laughed and shouted to the Turk, who was blackly stoned with a pipe:

- Don’t smoke a pipe, Turk, you’d better buy a pile of peaks, you’d better buy a pile of peaks, otherwise a bombardier from Brandeburg will come and bombard him with bombs because some black-snouted guy dug up half his yard with his snout, dug up and dug up!

But in fact, the Turk was not in the business, and Klara the King was sneaking to the stall at that time, while Karl was stealing corals from Klara, for which Klara stole the clarinet from Karl, and then in the yard of the tar widow Varvara, these two thieves were stealing firewood. But sin is not laughter, not putting it in a nut. About Klara and Karl in the darkness, all the crayfish were noisy in a fight, so the thieves had no time for the bombardier, but neither did they care about the tar widow, and they had no time for the tar children.

But the angry widow put the firewood into the barn: once firewood, two firewood, three firewood - all the firewood could not fit, and two woodcutters, two woodcutters, for the emotional Varvara, expelled the firewood across the width of the yard back to the wood yard, where the heron withered, the heron withered, the heron died.

The heron's chick clung tenaciously to the chain; well done against the sheep, and against the well done the sheep itself, to which Senya carries hay in a sleigh, then Senka carries Sonya and Sanka on a sled: the sled hops, Senka sideways, Sonya head on, everything into a snowdrift, and from there only a head of bumps knocked him down, then Sasha went along the highway, Sasha found the sachet on the highway.

Sonya - Sashka’s friend was walking along the highway and sucking a dryer, and besides, Sonya the turntable also had three cheesecakes in her mouth - exactly like a honey cake, but she had no time for a honey cake - Sonya, with the cheesecakes in the sexton’s mouth, over-mixed, over-stuffed: buzzing like a ground beetle , buzzing and spinning: she was at Frol’s - Frol lied to Lavra, will go to Lavra to Frol Lavra will lie that - the sergeant with the sergeant, the captain with the captain, the snake has a snake, the hedgehog has a hedgehog, and a high-ranking guest has taken away his cane , and soon again five guys ate five honey mushrooms and half a quarter of a quadruple of lentils without a wormhole, and one thousand six hundred and sixty-six pies with cottage cheese from whey from under sour milk - about all of this the bells were ringing with groans, so much so that even Konstantin - Salzburg the unpromising man stated from under an armored personnel carrier:

- Just as you can’t ring all the bells, you can’t beat them again, so you can’t speed up all the tongue twisters, you can’t speed them up; but trying is not torture.

In conclusion, a little humor. If you just can’t pronounce the sound “r”, you think correcting this speech defect is too difficult, almost impossible, you have already given up... Watch the video to see how difficult it is for the Chinese to master this sound while studying the Russian language! One boy even had a nosebleed.

my experience

see also

• Disappearing Russian word 09/03/2018
• Degradation of the Russian language 09/02/2014
• 20 popular myths about teeth 07/22/2009
• 12 techniques of literary polemic 07/02/2015
• Memo to the proofreader. Spelling and punctuation in Russian 04/26/2019
• 5 laws of stupidity or why a fool is dangerous 06/30/2018

Produces a strong and long-lasting air jet

Correct placement of fixed breathing plays an important role in sound production. A strong, targeted air stream should pass through the articulatory organs. This means that you need to teach your child to breathe and speak correctly at the same time. Often this is not so easy to do. With the help of the following series of exercises, you will understand how to correctly position your tongue and then produce a targeted air stream in the middle of the tongue:

1. Place your tongue in the “Pancake” position (see description above) and blow on it forcefully with your voice turned on. When the air vibrates, the tongue will vibrate.

2. “Snowflake”: place a small piece of cotton wool on the tip of your nose and take a deep breath through your nose. Place the tongue in the “Spoon” position (see description above). We press our tongue to the upper lip and forcefully exhale air from the mouth onto the tip of the tongue. A piece of cotton wool should fall off your nose.

3. We bring a scrap or piece of paper to our nose and aspirately pronounce the sound. When pronouncing each sound, a piece of paper should be shaken by a strong stream of air.

How to learn to pronounce the sound R: exercises for production

Basic exercises

1. “Horse” - vigorously click the tongue, sucking it to the palate and sharply tearing it off;

2. “Whoa, horse” - vibrating your lips to say “coachman’s” whoa;

3. “Painter” - move your wide tongue from the upper teeth to the throat and back to the teeth;

4. “Mushroom” - suck your tongue to the roof of your mouth, stretching the sublingual ligament. The tongue is the “mushroom cap”, and the ligament is the “mushroom stem”;

5. “Woodpecker” - use the tip of your tongue to hit the tubercles behind the upper teeth - the alveoli, pronouncing d-d-d-d. Only the tongue moves, the lower jaw is motionless.

6. “Mosquito” - strongly pressing your tongue into the alveoli, pronounce dz-z-z-z in a drawn-out manner

7. “Start the engine” - lift the tip of your tongue up behind your teeth, gradually increasing the pace and repeating melon-meon-meon-meon, as far as possible, switching to dr-dr-dr-dr.

These exercises should be performed every day, in front of a mirror, achieving clear and correct tongue movements.

Setting the sound R from the sound D

Pronounce the sound D loudly and for a long time, pressing the tip of the tongue to the upper alveoli. Let the child imagine that the tongue is a sail that needs to be inflated by the wind. When pronouncing the sound D, you need to blow strongly on your tongue so that “the sail flaps and vibrates in the wind.” By placing his palm to his mouth, the child should feel the shock of air. Not right away, but it should turn out alright. We fix it in words with the combination dr - fight, friend, dragon, then with the combination tr - grass, labor, throne, then in the words square, cartridge, bucket, stained glass, frame, meter, theater.

Setting R from sound Z

Make the sound Z with the tongue in the upper position - “the mosquito is buzzing”, then quickly move the tip of the tongue along the tubercles behind the upper teeth - “the mosquito is frozen and trembling.”

Making the sound R while inhaling

The child draws out the sound C, placing his tongue against his teeth. Explain to him - first blow the air out of your mouth and say C outward, and then suck in the same air and the sound C with it inside. Or - when pronouncing the sound C, make such a movement with your tongue as if you want to “suck” saliva into yourself.

Mechanically assisted setting

To do this, you can use a rubber pacifier, the handle of a teaspoon, a cotton swab or the child's index finger. Objects must be perfectly clean, the fingernail must be cut short and evenly filed so as not to damage the tongue. The child pronounces the upper sound Z or D-D-D-D for a long time, at this time the adult quickly moves one of the listed objects under the tongue to the right and left, causing it to vibrate. If this is a child’s finger, it must be absolutely straight and first the adult himself moves the child’s hand. As a result, a rough, booming R sound should be heard.

Burr - what is it and how to fix it?

Home - About speech therapy - Burr - what is it and how to fix it?

In this article we will talk about the most common sound pronunciation disorder - burr.

. Let’s figure out what “burriness” is, what types of this disorder exist, and how to overcome this problem.

The term “burr” refers to the incorrect pronunciation of the sounds “R, R”. The scientific name for this disorder of sound pronunciation is rhoticism.

Before talking about the types of burr, it is necessary to dwell on how the sound “r” is pronounced normally. The sound “r” is one of the most difficult, so it appears in speech by the age of 5-6 years and, unfortunately, is very often pronounced incorrectly.

When pronouncing the sound “r”, the mouth is open, the teeth are open, the wide tongue in the shape of a “spoon” rises to the tubercles behind the upper teeth, while the lateral edges of the tongue are pressed against the upper molars. The tip of the tongue trembles under the pressure of exhaled air. Those. It is necessary not only to clearly and high raise the tongue, to make it wide, but also to exhale very strongly so that the tip of the tongue trembles and the coveted “rrrr” is produced. If a person’s tongue muscles are not very well developed, or he cannot exhale strongly enough, and most often these two difficulties are combined, then a wide variety of sound distortions are obtained - burr.

There are 3 main groups of burr:

1 – sounds “р,р” are absent.

Example: cancer – ak; fish - fish, cow - cow.

2 – the sounds “r, r” are replaced by other sounds (most often - l, l, d, g, v).

Example: cancer - varnish, road - dovoga, chamomile - gomashka, etc.

3 – the sounds “r, r” are pronounced distorted.

The most common type of violation of the sounds “r, r” is the guttural one, when it is not the tongue that vibrates, but the soft palate (velar rhotacism) or the small uvula (uvular rhotacism).

There are also: lateral rhotacism - the lateral edge or edges of the tongue trembles, not the tip; nasal rhotacism - it is rare, the sound is pronounced with a nasal tint; coachman or labiolabial – pronounced “whoa”, lips tremble; and single-beat rhotacism - with it the tongue stands correctly, but vibrates very weakly.

While the child is small and mastering the pronunciation of sounds, parents need to monitor how their baby speaks. It is very important to notice the “burr” in time and try to correct it while the child’s psyche is plastic. If the baby correctly pronounces all the sounds of speech and only “r” does not work (misses it or replaces it with “l”, “v”), then you can wait until 5-6 years, the sound may appear on its own. But! If a child has other problems with sound pronunciation or the sound “r” begins to be pronounced burly, the likelihood that the baby will grow up and learn to speak correctly is very small. If one of the parents has a burr, then it is possible that the child will imitate his mother or father and will also burr. The optimal time to start classes to correct burr in children, if any, is 5-5.5 years

. At this age, the child is already old enough to study and will have time to correct all his difficulties by school.

I would recommend that every parent, before sending their child to school, take him for a consultation with a speech therapist, because not all kindergartens have specialists who can notice and correct burr in time. And if suddenly this problem is discovered, then during the summer holidays it can be successfully solved and the correct sound pronunciation can be formed.

Quite often they say that if in childhood it was not possible to get rid of burr, then in adolescence and adulthood

it's too late to do anything. Is this true?

The practice of speech therapy shows that burr can not only be corrected in adolescents and adults, but it can also be done quite quickly. During the consultation, the speech therapist will determine the type of burr, find the cause of the problem (which muscles of the tongue work poorly, etc.) and help you learn how to correctly pronounce the complex sounds “r, r”. As a rule, if a person does not have a violation of muscle tone, then correcting burr takes on average 10-30 sessions.

If burring prevents you from achieving your goals and causes embarrassment when communicating with others, then start working on your speech, and the experienced speech therapists at our center will help solve this problem.

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