Domestic animals and their species, domestication and reproduction.

A few thousand years ago, ancient man took the first steps to domesticate wild animals in order to use them for his own purposes. And today it is difficult to imagine our life without pets, as if they have always been faithful companions of people. Initially, man sought to obtain something valuable from animals, providing them with shelter and food. However, according to anthropology, in ancient times they also served as a source of aesthetic pleasure.

Who are pets

Pets are animals that have been tamed by humans by caring for them and providing them with food. All domesticated species and artificially bred breeds based on them were used for the purpose of obtaining material gain or pleasure. They became good companions for a person, brightening up his life. The process of animal reproduction occurs easily even outside natural conditions. By controlling it, people create breeds with the desired properties.

Interesting! Alternative medicine has long noted the ability of animals to heal people. Cats achieve the greatest success in this. Scientists explain the effectiveness of cat therapy by the ability of this animal to create a unique electromagnetic field with low-frequency currents thanks to its thin and soft fur. This allows the cat to act on the source of inflammation and pain and destroy microbes.

Scientists have proven that stroking an animal is not only pleasant, but also useful. During the bioenergetic contact that occurs in this case, the central nervous system of people receives special impulses that cause positive emotions and improve mood. Therefore, communication with cats is especially important during psychological disorders and stress.

How do they benefit people?

It all depends on what kind of animal has settled in the house. Some are kept for food, dairy products and wool, that is, for economic reasons.

Other pets bring moral satisfaction. Communication with an animal helps relieve emotional stress, reduce stress and even prevent depression. An animal in the house is a source of joy for every family member.

Having chosen a beloved pet, a person will experience the joy of his own generosity and care, and expect gratitude and devotion from the pet.

Farm animals

Farm animals bring the greatest benefit to humans in everyday life. Most of them are able to live not only in favorable conditions created by people, but also adapt to various changes, due to which they are bred almost everywhere. These species include sheep, horses, cows, and pigs. Some farm animals, such as the camel or llama, on the other hand, can only live in certain geographic areas. For this reason, it is more difficult to maintain them in other areas, since it is necessary to create conditions close to natural ones.

Farm animals provide humans with natural products: milk, eggs, meat. Leather and wool, down and feathers are highly valued. Pork is recognized as the most consumed meat. It is also often considered the most delicious, since compared to beef, for example, it is fattier and softer. Pigs are quite unpretentious in terms of housing and food, they produce large offspring, which is why they are most often bred for slaughter. In addition to meat, bristles and skin are obtained.

A cow is the breadwinner of the family, as Russian peasants used to say. Every day it is capable of producing several liters of milk, from which fermented milk products, butter, and cheese are then obtained. Man has even achieved success in domesticating insects - bees, thanks to which he was able to obtain honey, propolis, and wax.

Interesting! More and more people, for various reasons, have recently given up meat and become vegetarians. However, blindly following this fashion trend is extremely dangerous for your health. Meat is a source of essential amino acids. They are needed for the construction of antibodies that provide protection against pathogens of various diseases, including cancer. When you give up meat, the body stops receiving essential amino acids, immunity decreases, which causes the development of infections.

On the farm, animals also participate in agricultural work, transporting loads and people. Horses are usually used for this purpose. At stud farms they are kept and bred to participate in horse racing and equestrian sports. For horse lovers, just communicating with them brings great pleasure.

Animal domestication

Little information about the domestication of wild animals has survived to this day, but it is known that the dog is considered the first domesticated pet living in a house. In ancient times, she played the role of a companion for humans. Thanks to its excellent learning and training abilities, the dog eventually began to guard the house, participate in hunting and herding livestock. In some countries, attempts have been made to domesticate the weasel to fight rats and mice. However, she did not adapt well to life in captivity, and over time, cats replaced her.

Interesting! The question of whether cats are fully domesticated remains open. They still retain the habits of their wild relatives, although they have been living next to humans for many thousands of years. Unlike dogs, they do not become so attached to humans, remaining independent. According to one point of view, for cats, coexistence next to humans is only an opportunity to live in good conditions, continuing to hunt birds and rodents. But there is an opinion that this proud animal, like a dog, is capable of establishing emotional contact with its owner and experiencing a feeling of affection.

It is believed that most domestic animals descended from representatives living in the wild. The ancestor of cattle was the aurochs. But from whom the dog originated is not known exactly. It could have been a wolf, a jackal, or even a coyote. The ancestors of the sheep are considered to be wild sheep, mouflon and mountain sheep. The exact time of domestication of animals has not been established. Rock paintings indicate that already in ancient times humans had domesticated pets. However, exactly when this happened still remains a mystery.

"Who lives where". Poems for children about animal houses. Illustrated with puzzles and photographs

Who lives where (for children)

Poems for children about animal houses. Illustrated with puzzles and photographs.

The dog lives in a booth

The dog lives in the yard and guards the master's house. He can also live in a booth or guard an apartment.

Cats live in the house

Cats like to live in the house and sometimes go for walks. The cat at the window likes to lie down and sleep a little.

Horses live in a stable

A stable is a house for horses. They hurry home quickly. Here they stand in stalls and eat delicious hay.

Chickens live in a chicken coop

And the chickens and roosters have a house that is completely ready. Grandfather built a chicken coop. Everyone will be warm there.

Pigs live in a barn

The barn is the home for the piglets, where they all sleep and eat. They love to go out into the yard and roll in the mud during the day.

Cows live in a barn

Cows live in barns, always fed and healthy. They go out into the pen only during the day, to eat something in it.

Sheep live in a barn

The sheep all live in a barn, and during the day they graze in the meadow. There may still be some in the pen - You can fence them off there.

Fish live in water

The fish all live in the river, or in the sea in the distance. Both in the pond and in the ocean - They will conquer any distance.

Lions live in the savannah

Jungle or zoo - These are homes for our lion cubs. And they can live in the savannah and find prey there.

Hares dig holes in winter

Hares love to live in the field and pave their nests above the ground. They also live in the forest, where they eat bark.

Bees live in a hive

A beehive - a bee lives in it, but she is not alone there. The whole family lives there with her and makes honey for us.

Swallows live in nests

A bird's home is a nest. There it is on the tree. It might be on the roof. They can fold it on the ground.

Frogs live in a pond

Frogs have different homes: River, swamp or pond. Any convenient body of water is more important to her than everyone else, both there and here.

Poems: Natalya Mazhirina

The whale lives in the ocean

Uncle Keith is the very best: The most important, the most important, The kindest and biggest, And, like the sky, blue. He floats across the ocean, surprising everyone with his fountain. Inna Sudareva

Seals live on ice floes

Far North. Ocean. Now there are blizzards, now there is a blizzard, but in any bad weather He boldly dives into the water. Swims fast and frolics. He is not afraid of cold weather, because subcutaneous fat reliably protects him from it. He is a big fish lover. Its body shape is similar to a block. Be ready to be in the water all day. What's his name? Seal V. Gvozdev

The caterpillar lives in the leaves

...The young lady settled on an apple tree and dressed up in a spacious green suit. And walks from branch to branch, eats it like candy. The suit is bursting at all the seams, HER APPETITE IS “..I WILL GIVE IT TO YOU!” She crawls heavily, her legs are shaking, her stomach is full. This is a CATERPILLAR. Victor Bul

WHERE, WHOSE HOUSE

Where do you sleep, little mouse, that you don’t have a house? - “Behind the ravine is my hole, I store grain and carrots there.”

Where does our yard dog sleep? Is it really under the moon? He sleeps and rests in the booth, when there is no barking in the yard.

Where does a bear spend the night in winter, or wander through the forest? Sleeps in a den until spring, Sees rainbow dreams.

There is an oak tree, and there is a hollow in it, guess who lives in it? The red squirrel lives, gnawing on something all day long.

“Oh,” sighed the turtle, “My house and my shirt are my shell, Summer, autumn, winter, I carry my house with me.”

For penguins, ice is their home, and for fish, a pond. Whether in the rain or under the moon, Everyone quickly rushes home.

Mice live in people's houses

And the Mouse lives in our pantry. All year she steals cheese from the pantry.

Author: Istomina Natalya

Eagle nests high in the mountains

The eagle is not a little bird, the eagle is a hero, knows no fear. Its nest is on a steep slope, under the roof of a dark cloud.

Vladimir Stepanov

Camel lives in the desert

Desert. Sand. The jewel is water. There are camels roaming here and there. To camels of the desert, the arid region is a gift from heaven, or, more precisely, just paradise!

Spiders weave their webs

One day a spider wove a web and hung the web on a twig. - Kwa! - exclaimed the Frog. - What a network! It’s just lovely, it’s just expensive to watch!

Yu. Lyubimtseva

Ants build anthills

In the evening, I used to sit down to take a break from important matters, and see if the hill next to me seemed to have turned black. What is an anthill? This is an ant's house. Here a lazy person or a slacker won't last even a day. The ants hurry home along a narrow path. They drag a leaf behind them, a branch, a golden ear. I thought under the old willow tree, taking a break from worries: “How hardworking these little people are.” Tatiana Agibalova

Starlings live in a birdhouse

Starlings live in a birdhouse, Glasses live in an eyeglass case,

Foxes live in holes

The fox lives in his hole, The trees live on the mountain... And I also have a house, It is the best: Mom is in it!

Marina Takhistova

Burrows of forest animals

1 – lair of the hare and hare in the sand dunes; 2 – snow hole of a hare? 3 – summer burrow of the midday gerbil; 4 – burrow of the small gopher; 5 – muskrat burrow; 6 – muskrat hut; 7 – bank vole nests in an oak hollow; 8 – winter nest of the common squirrel

Pet breeding

Domesticated animals reproduce well in captivity. Their offspring do not need to be tamed again. From birth, pets adopt the habits of their mother and easily make contact with humans. In the case of farm animals, reproduction is an opportunity to obtain more valuable products. But the appearance of offspring in cats and dogs is often undesirable for owners. Therefore, many owners spay and neuter their pets.

Breeders have long taken advantage of the ability of domestic animals to reproduce easily through crossbreeding. It allows you to develop new breeds with the desired properties. Work with farm animals is mainly carried out to increase their fertility, food potential, and weight. For example, in the middle of the last century, the goal was set to obtain a dairy and meat breed of cows that would quickly gain weight. This is how the Kostroma breed appeared. The goal was achieved: the cows produce a record amount of milk (about 10,000 kg per year) and meat.

Selection work is also carried out to obtain breeds capable of living in specific conditions. In the desert steppes of Kazakhstan, sheep did not gain weight well due to meager food. Therefore, there was a need to get a new breed that could adapt to such difficult conditions and fatten up well in them. As a result, Edilbaev sheep were bred.

Interesting! Dwarf animals are often not a mutation, but the result of the painstaking work of scientists. The miniature breed of cows, bred in India, requires much less space for housing and feed. At the same time, the animals retained their productivity. The quality of their milk and meat is no worse than the products obtained from ordinary cows. But mini pigs are a decorative breed of pigs. Their weight does not exceed several tens of kilograms, while ordinary pigs can weigh several hundred! The little dwarf piglet is shy and requires special care. But if you tame him, he becomes affectionate and obedient. The mini pig can be petted like a cat or dog. Unlike these animals, it is unpretentious in food, does not shed, and its short hair does not cause allergies. This is an ideal pet for those who choose an active lifestyle, because daily walks are mandatory for a dwarf pig.

When taming pets, it is important to remember that you should be responsible for them, provide them with proper care and surround them with care. Then pets will become reliable friends and helpers of their owner.